DIOLA, Grazel Mae
E. A
pril 12, 2019
BS Chemical Engineering IV
Separation Processes
Stage-wise Operations F0
F C
An operation which can be analyzed or characterized on the
basis of equilibrium stages. An equilibrium stage is a contacting
step in which two continuously flowing phases are intimately
contacted to facilitate transfer of heat and mass, and then
separated. The contact must be “complete” so that the phases are
F 0
F C
in thermodynamic equilibrium after the separation. Two ways to
interconnect stages: counter-current and cross-current
Countercurrent flow Cross-current flow
Various Mixture Separation Processes
Adsorption is a process that occurs when a gas or liquid solute
accumulates on the surface of a solid or a liquid (adsorbent),
forming a molecular or atomic film (the adsorbate). It is different
from absorption, in which a substance diffuses into a liquid or solid
to form a solution. The term sorption encompasses both processes,
while desorption is the reverse process.
Crystallization is the (natural or artificial) process of formation
of solid crystals from a uniform solution. Crystallization is also a
chemical solid-liquid sepation technique, in which mass transfer of
a solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid crystalline phase
occurs.
Distillation is a technique used to separate mixtures of liquids.
It is a method of separating chemical substances based on
differences in their volatilities in a boiling liquid mixture.
Distillation usually forms part of a larger chemical process, and is
thus reffered to as a unit operation.
Leaching is the process of extracting a substance from a solid
by dissolving it in a liquid. Brewing of tea and coffee can similarly
be considered as leaching process,
Solvent Extraction, also known as liquid-liquid extraction, is a
method to separate compounds based on their relative solubilities
in two different immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic
solvent. It is an extraction of a substance from one liquid phase
into another liquid phase. Liquid-liquid extraction is a basic
technique in chemical laboratories, where it is performed using a
separatory funnel .
Industries uses such operations
