Understanding the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) - Phases, Steps, and Techniques, Assignments of Combinatorics

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SESSION 2

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

OBJECTIVES

Introduction to SDLC

o Planning phrase

o Analysis phrase

o Design phrase

o Implementation phrase

Introduction to risk management

THE SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

PLANNING

The planning phase is the fundamental process of understanding why an

information system should be built and determining how the project

team will go about building it

Focus: Why build this system?

How to structure project?

Primary outputs

o System Request with feasibility study

o Project plan

PLANNING STEPS

 Identify opportunity

o Example: how will it lower costs or increase revenues?

 Analyze feasibility

o Examines key aspects of the proposed project

• (^) The technical feasibility (Can we build it?)
• (^) The economic feasibility (Will it provide business value?)
• (^) The organizational feasibility (If we build it, will it be used?)

 Develop work plan

 Staff project

 Control and direct project

PLANNING DELIVERIES

 System request

o A system request presents a brief summary of a business need, and it explains how a system

that supports the need will create business value

 Feasibility study

 Project plan

o How the project team will go about developing the system

• (^) work plan
• (^) Staffing plan
• (^) Standards list
• (^) Risk assessment

ANALYSIS

In the analysis phase, the systems analyst works extensively with the

business users of the new system to understand their needs from the

new system.

Focus: Who, what where, and when for this system?

Primary output: System proposal

ANALYSIS PHRASE

ANALYSIS DELIVERIES

System proposal

o Requirements definition

o Use cases

o Process models

o Data model

ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE EXAMPLES

Business process: automation, improvement, reengineering

Interview, JAD, Questionnaire, Document analysis..

Use case analysis

Data flow diagramming

Entity relationship modeling

Normalization

DESIGN STEPS

 Design architecture

o Describes the system’s hardware, software, and network environment.

o The architecture design flows primarily from the nonfunctional requirements, such as operational,

performance, security, cultural, and political requirements

 Design interface

o It includes the screen displays that provide navigation through the system, the screens and forms that

capture data, and the reports that the system produces

 Design programs

o Examples: Physical DFD, Structure chart, Psedocode, cohesion, coupling, event driven…

 Design databases

o Examples: data storage format, Physical ERD, Optimizing data storage

DESIGN DELIVERIES

 Alternative matrix

o Can be used to organize the pros and cons of the design alternatives so that the best solution will

be chosen in the end

 System specification

o Architecture report

o Hardware & software specification

o Interface design

o Physical process model

o Program design

o Database & file specification

o Physical data model

DESIGN PHRASE

IMPLEMENTATION

Programmers will carry out the time-consuming and costly task of

writing programs, while the systems analyst prepares plans for a variety

of tests that will verify that the system performs as expected

Focus: delivery and support of completed system

Primary output: Installed system