Download SFSU BIO 230 EXAM 2026 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS. and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
SFSU BIO 230 EXAM 2026 WITH VERIFIED SOLUTIONS.
Why is homeostasis important? - -Correct Answers to maintain a relatively stable environment, within limits. How does the body maintain homeostasis? - -Correct Answers through cooperation of multiple organ systems, including the endocrine and nervous system What is a homeostatic set point? - -Correct Answers The level in where the temperature of the body is maintained. Which organs are involved in water, and glucose balance?
- -Correct Answers The small intestine is involved with balancing water. The pancreas is involved in balancing glucose. Where do different molecules enter your body? - -Correct Answers The Blood Stream. How are they absorbed? - -Correct Answers osmosis How do they get to other regions of the body? - -Correct Answers
Through the blood stream What are capillaries? - -Correct Answers any of the fine branching blood vessels that form a network between the arterioles and venules. What is interstitial space? - -Correct Answers space/fluid in BETWEEN cells How do different types of molecules (water, glucose, oxygen, sodium, chloride) cross cell membranes and travel between different organs? - -Correct Answers Cell membrane is semipermeable to water. Oxygen move across cell membranes simple diffusion, a process that requires no energy input and is driven by differences in concentration on either side of the cell membrane. Food is broken up through digestion and diffuse into the blood through microvilli in the intestinal wall. How is water regulated in your body? - -Correct Answers Homeostasis What is osmosis and what does it have to do with water balance? - -Correct Answers The diffusion of water to create an equilibrium with salt.
If 2 solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane (permeable to water) and side A is hypertonic to side B, which way will the water molecules be most likely to move? - -Correct Answers To side B to dilute the solutes How is the structure of the small intestine related to its function? - -Correct Answers Absorption by osmosis through the cell walls into the vascular capillaries inside the villi How are glucose levels regulated in your body? - -Correct Answers (homeostasis) Regulated through the liver, pancreas, and muscles What happens when your body cannot control glucose levels? - -Correct Answers Insulin receptor is not functioning, then the insulin will not be able to travel through the cell membrane, pancreas and you develop diabetes. Where does the glucose in your body come from? - -Correct Answers We eat food, the food gets absorbed, excess glycogen is stored in the liver, which later we can use to convert into glucose. Pancreas - responsible for regulating the
use of insulin to use glucose as energy. Glut4 transfers glucose from blood -> cell membrane -> tissues/muscles What is insulin and how does it work? - -Correct Answers Insulin is a hormone produced by your pancreas as the concentration of glucose in your bloodstream rises. Your pancreas senses this increase and is stimulated to release insulin into your bloodstream which plays a role in regulating the concentration of glucose in your blood through a process known as glucose homeostasis. What is glucagon and how does it work? - -Correct Answers When glucagon binds to the glucagon receptors, the liver cells convert the glycogen into individual glucose molecules and release them into the bloodstream. Which organ systems are involved in glucose balance and what is their role? - -Correct Answers Liver, pancreas, muscle What is diabetes? - -Correct Answers A condition whereby the body is not able to regulate levels of glucose (a sugar) in the blood, resulting in too much glucose being present in the blood. In type two this is due to the your cells becoming resistant to insulin and type one you do not produce insulin.
Pancreas releases - -Correct Answers insulin
- insulin binds to receptors
- promotes glycogen synthesis
- and movement of GLUT 4 The blood glucose receptor is used to replace - -Correct Answers the functions of the pancreas Hypoglacemia means? - -Correct Answers Low blood glucose levels How do the liver and pancreas work together to regulate glucose levels? - -Correct Answers Liver is turns and stores the excess glucose as glycogen to use for energy when the pancreas produces insulin. The liver breaks down glycogen into glucose when the pancreas produces glucagon How does exercise help diabetics control their blood glucose? - -Correct Answers For two diabetes exercise promotes glucose receptors independent of insulin What is the role of GLUT4 in diabetes? -
-Correct Answers Brings glucose into the cells. (glucose transporter) How do high blood glucose levels contribute to the symptoms of diabetes (think at a molecular level) - -Correct Answers High glucose levels in the blood will influence the water from the cells into the blood and cause high levels of urination/water loss. Can type 1 or type 2 diabetics make significant amounts of insulin? - -Correct Answers Type 1= no (antibodies kill them), Type 2= produces enough, but cells cannot bind and resists insulin. Can type 1 or type 2 diabetics significantly increase the number of GLUT4 receptors in their cell membranes? - -Correct Answers Type one can increase GLUT4 through exercise or insulin and type 2 diabetes only increases the number of GLUT receptors only through exercise. How are the levels of O2 and CO2 regulated? - -Correct Answers Breathing helps maintain balance of O2 and Co2 levels by going through cellular respiration. What triggers your body to breathe? - -Correct Answers Your nervous system when there is too much Co2.
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- Energy Homeostasis is achieved through cooperation of - -Correct Answers multiple organ systems, including the nervous and endocrine system which part of cellular respiration is water produced? - -Correct Answers Electron transport chain Cellular water balance is achieved by - -Correct Answers osmosis water balance is achieved by - -Correct Answers regulating the uptake, generation, and elimination of water most of the water in our body is located - -Correct Answers inside our cells hypertonic - -Correct Answers hypertonic refers to the one with the greater solute concentration
HYPOTONIC -
-Correct Answers hypotonic refers to the one with the lower solute concentration Drinking water or other solutions low in solutes (like Gatorade) - -Correct Answers decreases the concentration of solutes in blood. When the blood has less solute - -Correct Answers it is HYPOTONIC compared to cells throughout the body. The pretense of microvilli - -Correct Answers increase the surface area (structure) and facilitate the absorption of food and water (function) After ingestion, water diffuses into cells of the small intestine microvilli. Where is the next place the water goes on its way to your bloodstream? - -Correct Answers Into the interstitial space between microvilli cells Suppose you could check your collecting duct permeability. Then you drink two big glasses of water. Half an hour later, you check the permeability again. On the second check, the permeability is most likely to be: - -Correct Answers
excercis promotes glucose uptake independently of insulin A diabetic measures her blood sugar and finds that it is high. How does exercise immediately reduce blood sugar? - -Correct Answers Promotes glucose transport high glucose levels promote the conversion - -Correct Answers of hemoglobin into glycohemoglobin, Disrupts hemoglobin function!!! the blood returning to my lungs from my tissue has a ______ph - -Correct Answers lower HYPOXIA - -Correct Answers too little O2 causes shutdown of cellular respiration and eventual death. The brain is among the first organs affected. HYPEROXIA - -Correct Answers too much O2 has deleterious effects on the central nervous system, lungs, and eyes. People using 100% O and people (especially premature babies) in hyperbaric chambers are most susceptible.
HYPOCAPNIA -
-Correct Answers too little CO2 (can be achieved by hyperventilation) raises blood pH. This can suppress breathing to the point of blackout and thus, cause hypoxia. HYPERCAPNIA - -Correct Answers too much CO2 normally causes the breathing reflex to occur. A failure of this reflex can be fatal, as in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). How do plants use the oxygen gas (O2) that is produced during photosynthesis? - -Correct Answers It is involved in the synthesis of ATP. Once a carbon atom from carbon dioxide in the air becomes part of a plant, which of the following paths could that carbon atom take? - -Correct Answers exit the plant in a molecule of CO At the end of the Citric Acid/Kreb's Cycle, most of the energy that was originally in glucose is - -Correct Answers stored in the NADH and FADH2 produced
If you drink a glass of water, which of the following places will the water reach first? - -Correct Answers Cells lining the small intestine Which of the following is ordered from largest to smallest? - -Correct Answers mitochondria, virus, prion, glucose, water molecules cholera bacteria in the intestinal track is ________ compared to the intestinal cells - -Correct Answers hypertonic the silk TRANSGENE is produced - -Correct Answers only in the mammary cells Which type of cells do you think are most likely to acquire mutations? - -Correct Answers Dividing cells During glycosis, when glucose is transformed to pyruvate, most of the energy is stored in the - -Correct Answers pyruvate
