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Cork Institute of Technology
Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Software Development &
Computer Networking - Award
(NFQ – Level 8)
Autumn 2006
Software Engineering
(Time: 2 Hours)
Instructions Answer Question 1 and three other questions.
Examiners: Mr. J. O’Brien Dr. J. Buckley Dr. A. Kinsella
Q1. (a) Software engineering methods can be categorised on a formality spectrum.
Discuss, briefly. (^) [5 Marks]
(b) Write a brief note on each of the following “ commandments” of formal methods, as documented by (^) Bowen & Hinchley, 1995: i. Thou shalt formalise but not overformalise. ii. Thou shalt not abandon thy traditional development methods. iii. Thou shalt document sufficiently. [6 Marks] (c) Given A = {p,q} B = {1,2,3} determine i. A ii. A B iii. {s: A | #s = 1} (^) [3 Marks]
(d) The air-traffic control of an airport keeps a record of the planes waiting to land and the assignment of planes to gates on the ground. There are operations to accept a plane when it arrives in the airport’s waiting space, to assign a plane to a gate at the airport and to record that a plane leaves its gate. Consider the following types:
[PLANE] the set of all possible, uniquely identified planes [GATE] the set of all gates at this airport.
The state of the (^) airport , at any time, can be expressed by the following Z schema :
______Airport________________________________
| | waiting : PLANE
| assignment : GATE → PLANE
|____________________________________________ | | waiting ∩ ran assignment = {} |____________________________________________ Each plane is assigned to at most one gate and each gate has at most one plane assigned to it. No plane is both waiting and assigned to a gate.
Initially, there are no planes waiting or at any gate. Therefore:
_______Init___________________________ | | Airport’ |___________________________________ | waiting’ = {} | assignment’ = {} |___________________________________
i. Write a Z schema, called Arrive , that records the arrival of plane p in the airport’s waiting area. The plane must be neither already waiting nor assigned to a gate ii. Write a Z schema, called (^) Assign , that records the assignment of plane (^) p to a free gate g. The plane must be waiting and the gate must be free. iii. Write a Z schema, called Leave , that records plane p leaving its gate. The plane p must be assigned to the gate. The waiting planes are unaffected. [12 Marks]
(e) Cleanroom software engineering is designed to achieve two critical goals, namely: i. A manageable development process. ii. No failures in use. Discuss. [8 marks] (f) Reviews are a crucial part of cleanroom team operations; every work-product is subject to repeated team reviews as it is developed from initial concept to final form. Write a brief note on each of the following types of reviews used by cleanroom development teams: i. Development reviews. ii. Verification reviews. [6 Marks]
Q2. (a) Contrast the following software development process models:
Q5. (a) A good workshop for any craftsperson exhibits the following characteristics:
i. A collection of useful tools to help with every step of building the project. ii. An organised layout enabling tools to be found quickly and used efficiently. iii. Skilled craftsperson(s) who understand how to use tools in an efficient manner.
Describe the software engineering equivalent of the craftsperson’s workshop, as outlined above. [ Marks]
(b) The real power of Computer Aided Software Engineering, CASE , can be achieved only through integration. Discuss. Your presentation should include references to the following: i. The benefits of an integrated CASE environment. ii. The challenges posed by an integrated CASE environment. iii. The Requirements for an integrated CASE environment. [12 Marks]
End of Exam!
