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Skin and integument MCQs
People with albinism have a defect in tyrosinase, an oxidase that helps to control skin pigment production. In what epidermal layer is tyrosinase active? A) Stratum lucidum B) Stratum granulosum C) Stratum basale D) Stratum spinosum - correct answer C) Stratum basale Which of the following is NOT a feature of the stratum granulosum? A) Cells in this layer contain keratohyaline granules B) There are 3-5 layers of cells in this layer C) Cytokeratin is produced in this layer D) The cells of this layer secrete a lipid, waterproof layer - correct answer C) Cytokeratin is produced in this layer Which structures contain connective tissue, blood vessels, and nerves? A) Papillary dermis B) Papillary and reticular dermis C) Epidermis, papillary and reticular dermis D) Reticular dermis - correct answer B) Papillary and reticular dermis Hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating, especially at the palms of the hands and soles of the feet. Which of the following could cause this disorder? A)Increased sweat at the base of hair follicles B) Apocrine gland activation with puberty C) Higher density of holocrine glands D) Increased stimulation of merocrine glands - correct answer D) Increased stimulation of merocrine glands
A second degree burn can result in a loss of sensation, but do not necessarily affect motor control of arrector pili muscles. Which of the following are damaged in a second degree burn? A) Pacinian's corpuscles B) Meissner's corpuscles C) Hair follicle receptors D) Ruffini's endings - correct answer B) Meissner's corpuscles What stimuli would you expect to stimulate merkel disks and hair follicle afferents? A) Constantly changing deep touch on hairy skin B) Constantly changing light touch on hairy skin C) Sustained light touch on hairy skin D) Sustained deep touch on hairy skin - correct answer B Which of the following allows for an almost instantaneous response to painful stimuli? A) The extensive myelination of A-delta fibers, leading to increased conductance B) The small radius of C fibers, leading to increased conductance C) The high density of A-delta fibers in the stimulated area D) The high sensitivity of the TrpVI receptor - correct answer A) The extensive myelination of A-delta fibers, leading to increased conductance An injection is administered through the skin using a hypodermic needle. Identify the first integumentary structure through which the needle will pass. A) epidermis B) hypodermis C) reticular layer D) papillary layer - correct answer A) epidermis
D) stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale E) stratum spinosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum, stratum basale, stratum granulosum - correct answer C) stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum corneum, stratum lucidum Which of the following do NOT derive from epidermal tissue? A) sweat glands B) dermal papillae C) sebaceous glands D) hair and hair follicles E) nails - correct answer B) dermal papillae Which of the following epidermis components possesses a waterproofing glycolipid that functions in preventing water loss? A) melanin B) keratin C) keratohyaline granules D) tonofilaments E) lamellated granules - correct answer E) lamellated granules Which of the following is the most immediate threat to life from a serious burn? A) tissue destruction B) blistering C) infection D) loss of body fluids E) nerve damage - correct answer D) loss of body fluids Skin eruption produced by dilated small blood vessels of the face, especially on the nose and cheeks, is descriptive of which skin disorder?
A) Raynaud disease B) port wine stain C) rosacea D) cyanosis E) melanocyte activity - correct answer C) rosacea Which of the following cells is part of the immune system? A) keratinocyte B) Merkel cell C) melanocyte D) Langerhans cell - correct answer D) Langerhans cell Keratinocytes in the stratum spinosum are known as __________. A) prickle cells B) melanocytes C) Langerhans cells D) Merkel cells - correct answer A) prickle cells Which of the following conditions would NOT be seen from overexposure to UV light? A) depleted folate in the body B) increased pigmentation of the skin in fair people C) activation of the immune system D) clumping of elastin fibres in the dermis - correct answer C) activation of the immune system A hematoma in the skin appears as __________. A) an overall blue discoloration of the skin B) black and blue marks C) an overall reddish discoloration of the skin
D) Measles E) Lentigo maligna melanoma - correct answer B) Actinic keratosis How does impetigo present? A) Golden honey coloured crust over an erythematous base B) Salmon coloured plaque with silvery scale C) Comedones, pustules and nodules D) Flesh coloured papule with a rough surface - correct answer A) Golden honey coloured crust over an erythematous base What is the pathogenesis of vitiligo? A) Congenital lack of pigmentation B) Increase in the number of melanosomes C) Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes D) Benign proliferation of melanocytes - correct answer C) Autoimmune destruction of melanocytes An elderly lady presents to her doctor with a raised, round discoloured plaque, 'stuck on appearance' on her face. What skin condition is this? A) Rubella B) Seborrheic keratosis C) Basal cell carcinoma D) Melanoma - correct answer B) Seborrheic keratosis What skin condition is caused by poxvirus? A) Verruca B) Molluscum contagiosum C) Impetigo D) Cellulitis - correct answer B) Molluscum contagiosum
What is the most common mole found in adults? A) Junctional nevus B) Compound nevus C) Intradermal nevus D) Congenital nevus - correct answer C) Intradermal nevus What is the best indicator of prognosis for a melanoma? A) Asymmetry B) Colour C) Diameter D) Invasion of the dermis - correct answer D) Invasion of the dermis What is Leser-Trélat sign? A) Sudden appearance of multiple seborrhoeic keratoses and is an indicator of a gastrointestinal tract carcinoma. B) left supraclavicular node associated with gastric carcinoma C) Metastasis of gastric carcinoma to the periumbilical region D) Metastasis of gastric carcinoma to the bilateral ovaries - correct answer A) Sudden appearance of multiple seborrhoeic keratoses and is an indicator of a gastrointestinal tract carcinoma. What type of melanoma is often seen in dark skinned individuals? A) Superficial spreading B) Lentigo maligna melanoma C) Nodular D) Acral lentiginous - correct answer D) Acral lentiginous
- Atypical mycobacteria
- Contact hypersensitivity
- Radiation
- Venous insufficiency - correct answer 1. Arterial insufficiency Which of the following is correct about urticaria?
- Drug reaction is the most common cause of urticaria
- Urticaria affects about 20% of the population at some point in their lifetime
- Urticaria is a common cause of blistering
- Urticaria is always caused by an allergy
- Urticaria is never itchy - correct answer 2. Urticaria affects about 20% of the population at some point in their lifetime What does the term erythema mean?
- Damaged skin
- Infection
- Itch
- Poor perfusion
- Redness - correct answer 5. Redness Which lesion is a result of trauma?
- Actinic keratosis
- Dermatofibroma
- Keratoacanthoma
- Molluscum contagiosum
- Pyogenic granuloma - correct answer 5. Pyogenic granuloma Which patient group is most susceptible to pressure sores & ulcers in a hospital environment?
- Intravenous drug users
- Paediatric rheumatology patients
- Paraplegic patients
- Patients with acutely diagnosed type II diabetes
- Patients with acute psychosis - correct answer 3. Paraplegic patients What is the most likely cause of a slowly enlarging mass in the ear lobe after a piercing?
- Accessory auricle
- Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
- Foreign body reaction
- Keloid scar
- Pyogenic granuloma - correct answer 4. Keloid scar Which statement is correct about necrotising fasciitis?
- Infection spreads slowly
- It is usually bilateral
- Mortality correlates to time to surgical intervention
- Patients are systemically well
- Treatment should be with oral antibiotics - correct answer
- Mortality correlates to time to surgical intervention Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is IgE mediated? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 - correct answer A) 1 Which of these is not a consequence of erythroderma?
D) 4 - correct answer C) 3 What skin condition is brown with a verrucary 'stuck-on' appearance? A) Actinic keratosis B) Malignant melanoma C) Lipoma D) Seborrhoeic keratosis E) Subungal melanoma - correct answer D) Seborrhoeic keratosis What layer do UVA rays penetrate to? A) Epidermis B) Dermis C) Stratum corneum D) Hypodermis - correct answer B) Dermis Macrophages release ______ that triggers wound angiogenesis. A) Ephrin B B) VEGF C) ADAMTS D) Actin E) Factor 10A - correct answer B) VEGF Where are central thermoreceptors found? A) Posterior thalamus B) Aortic Arch C) Cerebellar cortex D) Pre-optic area of hypothalamus E) Hippocampi - correct answer D) Pre-optic area of hypothalamus
Where in the brain is the temperature set point generated? A) Posterior hypothalamus B) Aortic arch C) Cerebellar cortex D) Pre-optic area of hypothalamus E) Hippocampi - correct answer A) Posterior hypothalamus What branch of the nervous system controls sweating? A) Adrenergic B) Nicotinic C) Cholinergic D) Serotonergic - correct answer C) Cholinergic What pattern of hair loss is at the posterior base of the skull? A) Universalis B) Ophiasis C) Totalis D) Omegiasis E) Areata - correct answer B) Ophiasis Which of these receptors of the skin would provide a continuous response for the duration of a tactile stimulus? A) Pacinian corpuscle B) Meissner's corpuscle C) Merkel's disk D) Hair follicle afferent - correct answer C) Merkel's disk, the only slowly adapting receptor
