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Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E, Schemes and Mind Maps of Human Biology

The University of Texas at AustinHuman Biology

Lab 15 – Digestive System. IUSM – 2016 ... the pancreas, located adjacent to the duodenum, is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland; it is usually readily.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

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Lab 15 – Digestive System
IUSM – 2016
I. Introduction
II. Keywords
III. Slides
A. Oral Cavity
1. Lip
2. Soft palate
3. Tongue
4. Tooth
B. Gastrointestinal Tract
1. Esophagus
2. Stomach
3. Small Intestine
a. Duodenum
b. Jejunum
c. Ileum
4. Colon and Appendix
5. Rectum and Anal Canal
C. Accessory Organs
1. Salivary Glands
a. Sublingual
b. Submandibular
c. Parotid
2. Pancreas
3. Liver
4. Gallbladder
IV. Summary
Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E
the pancreas, located adjacent to the duodenum, is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland; it is usually readily
identifiable by the presence of the interspersed endocrine pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans); a thin
capsule and septa divide the gland into lobules (not readily seen); the exocrine pa ncreas is a compound acinar
gland of serous acini; large amounts of adipose may be present in the septa or within the thin CT surrounding the
acini; interlobular ducts are lined by simple columnar epithelium and are surrounded by connective tissue
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Download Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E and more Schemes and Mind Maps Human Biology in PDF only on Docsity!

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E

the pancreas , located adjacent to the duodenum, is a mixed exocrine and endocrine gland; it is usually readily

identifiable by the presence of the interspersed endocrine pancreatic islets ( islets of Langerhans ); a thin

capsule and septa divide the gland into lobules (not readily seen); the exocrine pancreas is a compound acinar

gland of serous acini; large amounts of adipose may be present in the septa or within the thin CT surrounding the

acini; interlobular ducts are lined by simple columnar epithelium and are surrounded by connective tissue

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

serous acini of the exocrine pancreas drain into small intercalated ducts which have centroacinar cells that

penetrate into the acini (these are a distinguishing feature of the pancreas but are often difficult to see); the

intercalated ducts converge into larger intralobular ducts (there are no striated ducts within the pancreas)

which converge into the larger interlobular ducts , within the CT septa and lined by columnar epithelium; the

interlobular ducts finally drain into the main pancreatic duct which empties into the duodenum

Slide 154: Pancreas, H&E

serous acinus of 5-10 cells

facing a central lumen;

apical ends of the cells are

eosinophilic due to the

secretory granules; the

basal ends are basophilic

due to the displaced

nucleus and rER

intralobular duct lined

by simple cuboidal

epithelium and a small

amount of surrounding

connective tissue

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

Slide 29: Liver, H&E

the liver is easily distinguished by the presence of the stromal portal tracts containing portal triads (branches

of the hepatic artery proper, hepatic portal vein, and bile ducts); the bulk of the parenchyma of the liver is

hepatocytes organized into plates of cells radiating from central veins ( venules ); the central veins which merge

into larger hepatic veins and eventually drain into the inferior vena cava

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

Slide 55 (464): Pig Liver, H&E

the liver parenchyma is divided into polygonal hepatic lobules (generally hexagonal); in pigs, the lobules are

demarcated by connective tissue septa providing nice visualization of the liver architecture; in humans, however,

connective tissue in the liver is primarily confined to the portal tracts so lobules are visualized by finding a

central vein and then identifying the surrounding portal tracts containing the portal triads

septum

(not seen in humans)

central vein

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

central vein

hepatic plates

hepatic plates are cords of hepatocytes (one or two cells thick) radiating from the central vein ; the plates are

maintained by a meshwork of reticular fibers (type III collagen) and separated from each other by hepatic

sinusoids ; the sinusoids carry combined blood from the branches of the hepatic portal vein and the hepatic

artery in the portal tracts to the central vein

Slide 55 (464): Pig Liver, H&E

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

hepatic sinusoids are situated between hepatic plates and receive combined blood from the hepatic artery and

hepatic portal vein branches within the portal tracts; the sinusoids drain into the central veins/venules

( terminal hepatic venules ); between the sinusoids and hepatocytes is a narrow space (generally seen in EMs)

called the space of Disse into which the hepatocytes project microvilli from their basal surfaces for increased

surface area contact with the vascular contents (plasma) that leave the sinusoids into the space of Disse

Slide 24: Liver & Gallbladder, Trichrome

central

vein

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

Slide 141: Liver, H&E

hepatocytes are large, polygonal epithelial cells; their microvilli-lined basal surface face the sinusoids and their

microvilli-lined apical surface form the bile canaliculi into which they secrete bile; they are abundant cells – not

only in number – but in cytoplasmic contents: they have abundant rough ER and free ribosomes, abundant

smooth ER and Golgi, abundant mitochondria, abundant glycogen, abundant peroxisomes, abundant lipofuscin,

and may have abundant lipids

hepatic sinusoids

hepatocyte

with a large, spherical

nucleus (can be bi-nucleated)

and prominent nucleolus; the

cytoplasm is generally

eosinophilic but mottled

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

Slide 24: Liver & Gallbladder, Trichrome

look here to see

the gallbladder

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

Common Confusion: Parotid Gland vs. Pancreas

Parotid gland

Parotid Gland: major salivary gland located anterior to the ear; composed almost exclusively of serous acini that produce a thin watery secretion rich in enzymes Look for: (1) striated (intralobular) ducts are readily visible; (2) surrounded by CT capsule with defined septa

Pancreas: exocrine and endocrine gland located in upper left posterior of abdomen; exocrine portion is purely serous and empties into the duodenum

Look for: (1) pale-staining pancreatic islets (endocrine); (2) intralobular ducts are fewer and less readily seen; (3) surrounded by loose CT or very thin capsule with delicate septa; (4) at higher magnification, pale-staining centroacinar cells (where duct inserts into acinus) may be seen

Pancreas

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder

Common Confusion: Pancreas vs. Spleen

Pancreas

Pancreas: exocrine and endocrine gland located in the upper abdomen; exocrine portion is purely serous and empties into the duodenum Look for: (1) exocrine gland, so ducts are present; (2) pale- staining pancreatic islets (endocrine) have homochromatic appearance; (3) at higher magnification, cells arranged in acinar configuration

Spleen: highly-vascular abdominal organ with abundant lymphoid tissue; filters the blood, providing immune functions and removal/destruction of old or faulty red blood cells Look for: (1) no exocrine tissue, so lacks ducts; (2) white pulp has heterochromatic staining, e.g., pale germinal centers surrounded by dark mantle zone; (3) no acini present; (4) numerous trabeculae throughout

Spleen

CChharacteristics of Segments of the Gastrointestinal Tract Small Intestine General Layer Specific Layer Esophagus^ Stomach^ Duodenum^ Jejunum^ Ileum^ Large Intestine Mucosa Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosae

Submucosa (w/ Meissner’s plexus)

Muscularis (w/ Auerbach’s plexus)

Innermost oblique Inner circular Outer longitudinal

Serosa/Adventitia

IUSM – 2016

I. Introduction II. Keywords III. Slides A. Oral Cavity

  1. Lip
  2. Soft palate
  3. Tongue
  4. Tooth B. Gastrointestinal Tract
  5. Esophagus
  6. Stomach
  7. Small Intestine a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum
  8. Colon and Appendix
  9. Rectum and Anal Canal C. Accessory Organs
  10. Salivary Glands a. Sublingual b. Submandibular c. Parotid
  11. Pancreas
  12. Liver
  13. Gallbladder