Slides for HTML | Object Oriented Programming II | CMSC 132, Study notes of Computer Science

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 Language used to define web pages.

 What the server sends to the browser.

 Browser reads HTML and renders the page

 May require downloading data from server (e.g., images)

• HTML - HyperText Markup Language
• HTML Standard
  • Developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
  • http://www.w3.org
• Document is described through a series of commands and directives

present in a text file.

• HTML goal is to describe structure only. Presentation should be left to cascading style sheets.
• When interpreted by an HTML viewer those commands determine the appearance of the page
• HTML documents are entirely ASCII text.
• Commands are explicitly inserted.
• Great HTML/CSS tutorial site:
  • http://www.htmldog.com/

• An html document has two main parts.
  • Header – provides information about the document.
  • Body – contents of the page.
• Example 1 (BasicFrame.html)

Template

• Let’s validate the above document

• Tag
  • Specifies a command or directive.
  • It surrounds content and apply meaning to that content
• General format:

< elementName attributes >

• Most HTML elements have two tags:
  • Start tag and end tag
  • Example: text
• Tags and attributes will be in lowercase (XHTML requirement).
• Some tags are self-closed (ending them in />)

• An attribute extends or modifies a tag.
• Attributes
  • Only appear in the start tag.
  • You can have several attributes in one tag each separated by spaces.
  • Order is immaterial.
  • Some take values which are specified after an =
• General format
  • Displayed Text
• Example
• All attribute values will be enclosed in “ “ for XHTML compliance.