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Population Health Exam Notes: Key Concepts and Definitions, Exams of Medicine

Duke UniversityMedicine

A comprehensive overview of key concepts in population health, including determinants of health, the population health approach, and the roles of nurses and other healthcare professionals. It covers topics such as homeostasis, human potential, harmony, community definition, and the elements of a population health approach. The document also discusses primary care, primary health care, illness, disease, and the various levels of prevention, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. It further explores chronic disease management, the expanded chronic care model, morbidity, mortality, and the epidemiological triad. The document concludes with an overview of the chain of infection and the 5 a's in cdsm support, providing a detailed understanding of health and disease management.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 06/12/2025

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BSNC 1000 Exam #1 with Verified solutions|
Rated A+
Health - ✔✔state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity
Homeostasis - ✔✔Maintenance of physiological, functional, & social norms leading to adaptation &
homeostasisFeeling in control over one's life and living conditions
Human potential - ✔✔Actualization of human potential through goal-directed behaviour, competent
self-care & satisfying relationships with othersHaving a sense of purpose
Harmony - ✔✔Adjustment to maintain structural integrity & harmony with relevant
environmentsFeeling connected to the community
Community definition - ✔✔People & relationships Share = agencies, institutions, physical environment
Defined by = geography common interest or focus shared status or special interest groupCan be a client
population - ✔✔eg. School of health sciences
aggregate - ✔✔Groups that form a population. eg. BCIT student in BSN program
Population health - ✔✔Measured by determinants of health (DoH) & health status indicators Improves
the health of populations & decreased inequitiesScope consists of the following 5 elements -think of
these as clients ( individuals, families, groups, communities, population)
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Download Population Health Exam Notes: Key Concepts and Definitions and more Exams Medicine in PDF only on Docsity!

BSNC 1000 Exam #1 with Verified solutions|

Rated A+

Health - ✔✔state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity Homeostasis - ✔✔Maintenance of physiological, functional, & social norms leading to adaptation & homeostasisFeeling in control over one's life and living conditions Human potential - ✔✔Actualization of human potential through goal-directed behaviour, competent self-care & satisfying relationships with othersHaving a sense of purpose Harmony - ✔✔Adjustment to maintain structural integrity & harmony with relevant environmentsFeeling connected to the community Community definition - ✔✔People & relationships Share = agencies, institutions, physical environment Defined by = geography common interest or focus shared status or special interest groupCan be a client population - ✔✔eg. School of health sciences aggregate - ✔✔Groups that form a population. eg. BCIT student in BSN program Population health - ✔✔Measured by determinants of health (DoH) & health status indicators Improves the health of populations & decreased inequitiesScope consists of the following 5 elements - think of these as clients ( individuals, families, groups, communities, population)

9 key elements of a population health approach - ✔✔1. focuses on the health of populations

  1. addresses the determinants of health and their interactions
  2. makes decisions based on evidence
  3. increases upstream investments
  4. applies multiple interventions and strategies
  5. collaborates actress sectors and levels
  6. employs mechanisms for public involvement
  7. establishes partnership with clients and stakeholders
  8. demonstrates accountability for health outcomes Population health: Four sub-concepts - ✔✔Health promotion, Illness and injury prevention, Chronic disease management, Epidemiology Nurses' role in population health - ✔✔Nurses collaborate with other health care professionals to address health inequities while keeping the determinants of health in sight. Methods used by nurses [many more ... sample]: Social justice - acknowledging injustice & differences, Systemic inequity - working towards reducing this factor, Citizen engagement - strengthening cohesion by leveraging stakeholders within the health care system Canadian Nurses Association (CNA) - ✔✔comprehensive approach: Disease prevention, Community developmentServices and programs, Working in interprofessional teams, Intersectoral collaboration for healthy public policy

Nursing diagnosis - ✔✔Nurses [non NPs]. Describes health care problems via clinical judgement. Diagnoses actual & potential health problems within the domain of nursing. More in Nursing Practice. Nurses do NOT diagnose a medical condition or a disease, unless they are a nurse practitioner DoH - ✔✔Broad range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that determine individual and population health. Factors that influence the risk for or distribution of health outcomes. Generally 12. SDoH - ✔✔Social conditions and broader forces - politics and economics. Interact to influence risks to health and well-being. Affect how vulnerable or resilient people are to disease and injury. Mikkonen & Raphael - consider 14 SDoH. Critical thinking - ✔✔1.Upstream thinking 2.Midstream thinking 3.Downstream thinking Midstream thinking - ✔✔policies intended for regional, local, community, or organizational entities Upstream thinking - ✔✔beyond the individual ... more like a big picture Downstream thinking - ✔✔individual curative stance ... negates viewing the influences of sociopolitical, economic, and/or environmental circumstances Primary prevention - ✔✔activities that prevent the development of a disease based on the natural history of a disease or an injury. No pathology (prepathogenesis stage)------> susceptible to disease or injury

Secondary prevention - ✔✔activities that detect disease early in its progression (pathogenesis stage) / before clinical signs and symptoms become apparent to make a diagnosis & begin treatment Screening helps determines likelihood that disease will develop. tertiary prevention - ✔✔activities in middle and later periods of pathogenesis. Goals: interrupt disease's course, reduce disability & begin rehabilitation. Can be delivered in specialized clinics, hospitals, rehab centres, community and primary care settings Chronic Disease Management - ✔✔DoH & the levels of prevention equipping client to manage their condition building upon their strengths. Periodical interactions with HC system and/or informal support systems. Client centered approach, integrated across sectors & comprehensive Expanded Chronic Care Model - ✔✔a) Health system and community b) Self-management / personal skills c) Delivery system design / re-orient health services d) Decision support e) Information systems f) Healthy public policy g) Supportive environments h) Community action. Morbidity - ✔✔Occurrence of disease in a populationIncludes incidence and prevalence rates. Assists with articulating distribution of diseases & health outcomes within populations. DISEASE Mortality - ✔✔indicates the number of deaths in a population. Helps with identifying and understanding health issues, at-risk populations & required health services. DEATH Epidemiological Triad - ✔✔agent, host, environment

advise - ✔✔- Provide specific personalized information about health risks and benefits of change

  • Make the source of the advice clear
  • Personalize lab values, health status and how choices affect outcomes
  • Provide the level of information clients need to make decisions
  • Ask the client to restate what you said agree - ✔✔- Collaboratively set goals based on the client's interests and confidence in their ability to change the behavior.
  • If their self-rated confidence is low, the goal may need to be changed e.g. select one aspect of the goal that the client feels more confident about attaining assist - ✔✔- Assist the client in achieving agreed upon goals by offering encouragement and by developing social/environmental supports
  • Avoid telling clients what to do
  • Use other clients' experiences as examples (while maintaining confidentiality) arrange - ✔✔Schedule follow-up contact to provide ongoing assistance and support to adjust the plan as needed. Use whatever method of contact the client prefers, such as in person, by email or phone. Make sure follow-up happens to preserve trust in the relationship.