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SOC |\ 153 |\Exam |\ 3 |\questions |\with |\answers
Ch. |\ 10 |\Minority, |\Racial, |\and |\Ethnic |\Groups |- racial |\group |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔a |\group |\that |\is |\set |\apart |
from |\others |\because |\of |\physical |\differences |\that |\have |\taken |\on |
social |\significance |
-it |\is |\the |\culture |\of |\a |\particular |\society |\that |\construct |\and |
attaches |\social |\significance |
-biological/physical -Racial |\groups |\are |\socially |\constructed |\yet |\based |\on |\physical |
traits ethnic |\group |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔a |\group |\set |\apart |\from |
others |\primarily |\because |\of |\it |\national |\origin |\or |\distinctive |
cultural |\patterns |
-social/cultural Ethnicity |\is |\culture Discussion: |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔not |\bubbles |\for |\what |\people |\define |\themselves |(white/hispanic) -only |\being |\as |\black |\as |\someone |\identifies |\you |\as |
-difference |\between |\someone |\who |\grew |\up |\on |\Native |\American |
reservation |\and |\someone |\who |\just |\found |\out |\on |\genetic |\test |\
-Ethnic |\work: |\finding |\out |\you |\are |\some |\race/ethnicity -middle |\class |\vs |\low |\class |\black minority |\groups |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔a |\subordinate |\group |
where |\members |\have |\significantly |\less |\control |\or |\power |\over |
their |\own |\lives |\than |\the |\members |\of |\a |\dominant |\group |\have |\over |\theirs Properties: |\unequal |\treatment, |\physical |\or |\cultural |\traits, |\ascribed |\status, |\solidarity, |\in-group |\marriage Discussion: |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-how |\you |\appear |\affects |
how |\you |\are |\treated |(TA |\looks |\white |\but |\is |\not) Race: |\differences? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔research |\shows |\that |
race |\is |\not |\a |\meaningful |\way |\of |\differentiating |\people |
->no |\systematic |\genetic |\differences |\between |\racial |\groups |\that |
affect |\social |\behavior/abilities Sociologist |\use |\the |\term |\racial |\group: +Discussion |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔to |\refer |\to |\those |\minorities |
who |\are |\set |\apart |\from |\others |\by |\obvious |\physical |\difference -What |\constitutes |\an |"obvious |\difference" |
Genetic |\differences |\cause |\different |\hair |\color, |\but |\in |\social |
structure, |\we |\do |\not |\treat |\difference |\in |\hair |\color |\as |\significant |
meaning->no |\consequences |
So, |\if |\hair |\color |(a |\biological |\difference) |\isn't |\important, |\then |\you |
someone |\who |\is |\darker |\than |\white |\is |\treated |\differently?
->In |\US, |\people |\with |\Spanish |\speaking |\background |\are |
collectively |\referred |\to |\as |\Latino/Hispanic Issue |\with |\ethnic |\groupings |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔While |
grouping |\are |\convenient, |\they |\can |\obscure |\difference |\within |
ethnic |\categories |
-Distinction |\between |\racial |\and |\ethnic |\minorities |\is |\NOT |\always |
clear Ex: |\evidence |\shows |\many |\identify |\Hispanic |\as |\their |\race, |\while |
others |\as |\their |\ethnicity |
*Distinction |\between |\racial |\and |\ethnic |\groups |\is |\socially |
significant Discussion: |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔very |\slow |\to |\change |\our |
cultures, |\institutional |\support |\for |\racial/ethnic |\groups, |\you |\can |\be |\white/balck |\with |\Hispanic |\heritage, |\ethnicity/race |\gets |\blurry |\but |
race |\is |\biological |\and |\ethnicity |\is |\cultural prejudice |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔a |\negative |\attitude |\toward |\an |
entire |\category |\of |\people; |\judging ethnocentrism |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\tendency |\to |\assume |
one's |\culture |\and |\way |\of |\life |\as |\superior racism |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\belief |\that |\one's |\race |\is |
supreme |\and |\other |\are |\innately |\inferior
stereotypes |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔unreliable |\generalizations |
about |\all |\members |\of |\a |\group |\that |\do |\no |\recognize |\individual |
differences |\within |\the |\group ->false |\stereotypes |\can |\become |\real |\in |\their |\consequences Figure |\10-1 |\Sociology |\on |\Campus: |\Bias |\in |\Awarding |\Scholarship |
Money |\and |\Lit |\Review |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Lit |\review: |\prior |
evidence |\shows |\when |\resources |\are |\perceived |\to |\be |\scarce, |\it |
increases |\negative |\attitudes |\and |\perceptions |\white |\respondents |
have |\of |\black |
Study |\results: |\when |\scholarship |\money |\was |\scarce |\and |\zero-sum |
(more |\money |\to |\one |\means |\less |\for |\another), |\whites |\allocated |
more |\money |\to |\whites |\versus |\blacks |
->bias |\for |\whites |\or |\bias |\against |\blacks? |(difficult |\to |\untangle) |
---not |\necessarily |\anti-black, |\could |\be |\for |\white, |\but |\still |\is |
inequality |
->regardless, |\the |\evidence |\show |\bias/inequality |\in |\the |\awards -scarce |\resources |\increased |\negative |\views |
-when |\money |\wasn't |\scarce |\there |\was |\less |\disparity color-blind |\racism |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\use |\of |\the |
principle |\of |\race |\neutrality |\to |\defend |\a |\racially |\unequal |\status |
quo |
-proponents |\tend |\to |\oppose |\affirmative |\action, |\welfare |
assistance, |\and |\largely |\government |\funded |\health |\insurance, |\yet |
generally |\do |\not |\oppose |\tax |\breaks |\for |\homeowners |\or |\college |
admissions |\that |\give |\preference |\to |\alumni |\
Discrimination |\persists |\even |\for |\most |\educated/qualified |\minority |\member |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔research |\has |\shown |\that |\race |
is |\more |\important |\than |\a |\criminal |\background |\to |\potential |
employers Mortgage |\Applications |\rejections |\of |\minorities, |\net |\income, |\and |
neighborhood |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔Income: |\88%median |\80- 90% |\median |\100-120% |\120%+ |
White. |\20%. |\11%. |\10%. |\7% Black. |\40% |\26%. |\25%. |\20% |
Why? -credit |\score -blacks |\more |\likely |\to |\be |\turned |\down, |\but |\even |\poor |\whites |\get |
rejected |\less |
-not |\as |\much |\accumulated |\wealth institutional |\discrimination |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔refers |\to |\the |
denial |\of |\opportunities |\and |\equal |\rights |\to |\individuals |\and |\groups |
that |\results |\from |\the |\normal |\operations |\of |\society -embedded |\in |\day |\to |\day |\function Commission |\of |\Civil |\Rights |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔identified |
various |\forms |\of |\institutional |\discrimination |
->rules |\regulating |\that |\only |\English |\be |\spoken |\at |\work |
->preferences |\shown |\by |\law/medical |\schools |\in |\admission |\of |
children |\of |\alumni |(inherently |\bias |\toward |\whites) |\
->restrictive |\employment-leave |\policies, |\couples |\with |\prohibition |
on |\part |\time |\work |\that |\negatively |\impact |\single |\family |\families Functionalist |\Perspective |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔How |\is |
contributes |\to |\function/stability: |
points |\out |\there |\are |\positive |\benefits |\to |\those |\who |\practice |
discrimination |
-dominant |\benefits |\from |\the |\subordination |\of |\racial |\minorities |
-racist |\views |\provide |\a |\moral |\justification |\for |\maintaining |\inequal |
society |
-racist |\beliefs |\discourage |\subordinate |\minority |\from |\attempting |\to |\question |\its |\low |\status |(people |\know |\role |\and |\place) |
-racial |\myths |\suggest |\that |\major |\societal |\change |\would |\only |
bring |\greater |\poverty |\to |\the |\minority |\and |\lower |\the |\standard |\of |
living Dysfunction |\associated |\with |\racism |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔- society |\fails |\to |\use |\the |\resources |\of |\all |\individuals |
-racial |\prejudice/discrimination |\often |\undercuts |\goodwill |\and |
friendly |\diplomatic |\relations |\between |\nations |
-in |\group |\and |\out |\groups Conflict |\perspective |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔racial |\inequality |
perpetuated |\from |\economic |\exploitation |
-exploitation |\theory |\
|\will |\cause |\them |\to |\become |\less |\prejudice |\and |\to |\abandon |\old |
stereotypes |
-the |\trend |\in |\society |\is |\toward |\greater |\contact |\between |\people |
from |\dominant |\and |\subordinate |\groups |
-can |\help |\reduce/eliminate |\stereotype/prejudice Figure |\10-3 |\Genocide, |\Segregation, |\Amalgamation, |\Assimilation, |
Pluralism |(multicultualism) |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ genocide |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\deliberate |\killing |\of |\an |
entire |\people |\or |\nation |
-1 |\million |\Armenians |\killed |\by |\Turkey |\ 1915 -6 |\million |\Jews |\killed |\by |\Nazi |\Germany-WWII -Killing |\Native |\Americans |\by |\US |\policies-1800s amalgamation |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔fusion |\A+B+C=D happens |\when |\a |\majority |\group |\and |\a |\minority |\group |\combine |\to |
form |\a |\new |\group->melding |\of |\culture |
-results |\from |\intermarriage |\over |\generations |
-although |\interracial |\marriage |\has |\increased |\in |\US, |\the |\concept |\of |\amalgamation |\does |\not |\accurately |\describe |\dominate/subordinate |\relations assimilation |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔the |\process |\through |\which |
a |\person |\forsakes |\his |\cultural |\tradition |\to |\become |\part |\of |\a |
different |\culture |\
-Generally, |\practiced |\by |\a |\minority |\group |\who |\conforms |\to |\the |
standard |\and |\cultural |\norms |\of |\dominant |\group |
-can |\happen |\organically Pluralism/Multiculturalism |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔is |\based |\on |
mutual |\respect |\for |\one |\another's |\culture |\among |\the |\various |
groups |\in |\society |
-coexisting |\with |\all |\ethnic |\groups, |\no |\mixing; |\peacefully |\coexist |
-allows |\minority |\groups |\to |\express |\their |\own |\cultures |\and |\still |
participate |\without |\prejudice |\in |\the |\larger |\society -In |\US |\pluralism |\is |\more |\of |\an |\ideal |\than |\reality |
-Switzerland |\exemplifies African |\Americans |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔historically, |\treated |
as |\2nd |\class |\citizens |
-by |\federal |\standard, |\1/4 |\is |\poor -institution |\discrimination/individual |\prejudice |\rooted |\in |\slavery |
-Jim |\Crow |\laws |\used |\to |\enforce |\segregation |
-Vast |\civil |\rights |\movements |\emerged-1960s Study: |\ 2 |\Whites, |\ 2 |\Black |\College |\Students |\interview |\for |\entry |
level |\jobs: |\each |\is |\well |\dressed, |\same |\edu, |\similar |\job |\history 1 |\of |\each |\claims |\jail |\history |\from |\felony |\charge |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔white/no |\jail: |\34% |\white/jail: |\17% |\black/no |\jail: |\17% |\black/jail: |\17% |
-evidence |\consistent |\in |\Chicago, |\NY, |\San |\Diego, |\DC |
-penalty |\for |\jail |\history |\vs |\penalty |\for |\minority |\status |\
-substantially |\more |\schooling |\than |\other |\ethnic |\groups |
*graph |\showing |% |\of |\asian |\Americans Latinos |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔57+ |\million |\Latinos |\living |\in |\the |
US |
-constitutes |\the |\largest |\minority |\group |\in |\US |
-poverty |\rates |\is |\9.4 |\for |\Hispanics |
*graph |\of |\latinos Mexican |\Americans |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔accounted |\for |\1/2 |
nations |\population |\growth |\in |\2010-2017 |
-since |\at |\least |\2000, |\Mexican |\Americans |\born |\in |\US |\far |\exceeded |
those |\who |\immigrated Immigration |\and |\Continuing |\Diversity |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔since |\1960s, |\US |\policy |\encouraged |\immigration |\of |\people |\with |\US |\relatives |\and |\with |\needed |\skills |
-ever |\growing |\population |\of |\Asian |\and |\Hispanic |\Americans Research |\on |\ 32 |\Immigrant |\groups |\in |\the |\US |\show: |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔in |\31/32 |\groups, |\immigrants |\more |\educated |\than |
non-immigrant |\counterparts |(in |\land |\of |\origin); |\exception |\of |
Puerto |\Rico |
-reflects |\the |\selective |\nature |\of |\migration |
->distance |\between |\country |\of |\origin |\and |\US |\is |\positively |
associated |\with |\the |\selectivity****(Selection |\effect |\is |\stronger) ->contributes |\to |\perception |\of |\Asians |\as |"model |\minority"
---idea |\that |\Asians |\are |\better, |\but |\they |\are |\not |\genetically |
superior, |\seem |\to |\be |\successful, |\but |\they |\are |\select-people |\who |
can |\get |\here |\likely |\to |\have |\higher |\edu, |$ |\and |\resources Extra |\notes: |\people |\form |\land |\of |\origin |\that |\didn't |\migrate |
(counterparts) |
-even |\though |\what |\we |\see |\might |\look |\less |\educated->they |\are |
not |\random->systematically |\MORE |\educated Fear |\and |\resentment |\of |\diversity |\is |\a |\key |\factor |\in |\opposition |\to |
immigration: |\Immigration |\is |\both |\functional |\and |\dysfunctional |\in |
nature |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-alleviates |\labor |\shortages -immigrants |\sent |\about |$450 |\billion/year |\back |\to |\home |\country |
-stress |\on |\social |\services |\in |\US |
-leaving |\home |\countries |\causes |\labor |\problems |\in |\those |\countries Black |\middle |\class |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔despite |\it |\increasing |
size |\over |\the |\past |\1/2 |\century, |\middle |\class |\blacks |\have |\fewer |
assets |\versus |\middle |\class |\whites |
-a |\weaker |\hold |\on |\this |\social |\class |\position |
-lack |\accumulated |\wealth |\to |\stay |\there |\if/when |\they |\lose |\income -this |\generation |\is |\relatively |\new-less |\accumulated |\wealth, |\credit |
score, |\etc |
-blacks |\paying |\back |\student |\loans Why/how? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-whites |\more |\likely |\to |\inherit |
wealth, |\receive |\loans |\from |\parents |\
Affirmative |\action |\implemented |\by: |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔1. |
Recruiting |\more |\minorities |\into |\the |\applicant |\pool |(for |\jobs, |
college, |\etc.) |\
- |\Offering |\grants/fellowships |\in |\education |\to |\help |\minorities |\get |
trained |\in |\fields |\where |\they |\have |\little |\participation |(given |\history |\of |\slavery) |\ - |"encourage" |\govt. |\agencies |\to |\do |\business |\with |\qualified |
minority |\business |\owners |
->perhaps |\to |\improve |\social |\networks |& |\job |\experiences |
->allows |\those |\new |\to |\gain |\experience |
->go |\back |\to |\builders |\over |\and |\over |\building |\resumes |
->because |\overall |\lag |
->look |\at |\how |\many |\minority |\owned |\business |\in |\80s More |\notes |\on |\implementation |\of |\affirmative |\action: |- |\CORRECT |
ANSWERS |\✔✔-its |\for |\qualified |\individuals |
-its |\to |\increase |\their |\odds |
-Rooney |\rule: |\required |\to |\interview |\ 1 |\racial |\minority |\to |\increase |
off |\to |\come |\in |\contact |\with |\a |\qualified |\person A |\misconception: |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔goals |\don't |\equal |
quotas |
-The |\NAACP |\does |\not |\advocate |\for |\quotas, |\quotas |\were |\not |\an |
intended |\implementation -perception |\is |\quotas |\mean |\minority |\is |\less |\qualified
Why |\goals? |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-parties |\who |\were |\sued |\for |
discriminatory |\practices |\could/would |\have |\defend |\themselves |
with |\the |\premise |\of |\not |\finding |\any |\minorities |
-judges |\start |\asking |\for |\goals/timetables |\to |\prevent |\people |\from |
escaping |\the |\true |\spirit |\of |\the |\policy |(which |\was |\simply |\to |\NOT |
discriminate) -people |\didn't |\have |\to |\make |\effort->so |\goals |\were |\increase |
diversification |
--quotas |\came |\to |\be |
So |\goals: |\statistically |\increase |\odds |\of |\qualified |\minority |\in |\pool Ch. |\ 12 |\Families |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ family |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔people |\related |\by |\blood, |
marriage, |\or |\adoption nuclear |\family |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔serves |\as |\the |\nucleus, |\or |\core, |\on |\which |\larger |\family |\groups |\are |\built household |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔people |\who |\share |\a |\living |
environment mating |\patterns: |\homogamy |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔pairing |
with |\people |\who |\share |\similar |\characteristics |
-especially |\race/ethnicity, |\edu, |\social |\class |(less |\about |\religion |
now) |\
-even |\in |\ 2020 |\with |\working |\women, |\it |\still |\hold |\true maternal |\gatekeeping |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔mothers |\ideology |\indicates |\whether |\husband |\acts |\within |\his |\beliefs |
*traditional |\and |\egalitarian |\husband |\when |\married |\to |\a |\traditional |\wife |\do |\not |\differ |\in |\contribution |\to |\the |\DOL |
*when |\married |\to |\an |\egalitarian |\wife->egalitarian |\husband |\will |\do |\more |\than |\a |\traditional |\husband |
DV: |\contributions |\to |\HH |\work |
Main |\effects: |\husband |\gender |\ideology |\is |\interacting |(contingent) |
to |\wife |\gender |\ideology |
Discussion: |\when |\wife |\offers |\to |\do |\the |\work, |\husband |\is |\likely |\to |
accept, |\depends |\on |\situation |(like |\dished |\versus |\taking |\kids |\to |
park), |\egalitarian |\probably |\will |\take |\the |\kids |\to |\park |\instead Hochschild: |\2nd |\Shift |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔2nd |\shift |
-working |\full |\time, |\go |\home, |\and |\do |\more |
-research: |\2/3 |\women |\still |\perceive |\as |\fair |(when |\doing |\way |\more |\housework) |
Why?
- |\Gender |\socialization: |\thinking |\its |\their |\duty |& |\men |\are |
incompetent |\ - |\Cultural |\lag: |\society |\changed |\but |\norm |\of |\women |\doing |
housework |\hasn't |\
- |\Equity: |\proportional |\contribution |
-men |\making |\more |\money |\so |\women |\do |\more |\housework Family |\as |\a |\patriarchal |\system |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔ex: Maternal |\time |\with |\children |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔-concern |
that |\with |\working |\parents->kids |\getting |\less |\time |\BUT |\NO |\SIGN |\of |\DECREASE |\of |\maternal |\time |(increased |\or |\stayed |\the |\same). |
Why? |\cutting |\down |\on |\domestic |\chores |\not |\family |\time -greater |\expectation |\of |\paternal |\time |\as |\well Shift |\in |\US |\marriages |\over |\time: |\Past |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔acceptable |\arena |\for |\acceptable |\sex |
-arena |\to |\procreate; |\arena |\for |\procreation |
-clearly |\defined |\roles |\were |\functional Shift |\in |\US |\marriages |\over |\time: |\Present |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |
✔✔-having |\sex |\and |\kids |\okay |\outside |\of |\marriage |
-less |\rigid |\roles |(who |\can |\be |\breadwinner) |
Discussion: |\so |\what |\is |\the |\current |\purpose |\of |\marriage? |
-tax |\breaks, |\etc? Marriage |\Market: |\ 3 |\components |- |\CORRECT |\ANSWERS |\✔✔supply, |
preferences, |\resources
