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Social Research Methods
Authorities/Experts, Cultural Beliefs, Personal Experiences - ✅What are the three primary ways people develop beliefs and knowledge in daily life? Exploration Description Explanation Community Change or Action Evaluation Evoke/Provoke/Unsettle - ✅Social research is a way of building knowledge that uses agreed-upon practices within the research community to help avoid some of the limitations of other ways of knowing. What are the six primary purposes of social research? Explanation - ✅A researcher is interested in the correlation between gender and attitudes about handgun legislation. He/she conducts research with what primary purpose? Quantitative Research Qualitative Research Mixed Methods Research (MMR) Arts-Based Research (ABR) Community-Based Participation Research (CBPR) - ✅What are the five approaches to research? Quantitative - ✅Deductive approaches to the research process characterizes which of the five approaches to research? Explain or Evaluate -
✅Quantitative research approaches are appropriate when your primary purpose is _______________. Qualitative - ✅Inductive approaches to the research process characterize which of the five approaches to research? Explore, Describe, or Explain - ✅Qualitative approaches are appropriate when your primary purpose is ________________. Philosophical Praxis Ethics - ✅The main elements of research can be organized into three general categories: ________________, _______________, and __________________. Paradigm Ontology Epistemology - ✅Philosophical sub-structure of research consists of three elements: ______________, _______________, and _______________. Genre/Design Methods/Practices Theory Methodology - ✅The level of praxis has four key element of research: ______________, _______________, ________________, and ________________________. Values Ethics Reflexivity -
Self-Study - ✅Autoethnography, duoethnography Mixed Methods - ✅Sequential, convergent, nested Literary Practices - ✅Fiction-based research, narrative inquiry, experimental writing, poetic inquiry Visual Arts Practices - ✅Collage, painting, drawing, photography, photovoice, comics, cartoons, sculpture Community-Based - ✅Participatory action research, social-action research Empiricism - ✅What is the theoretical school of thought of postpostivism? Symbolic Interactionism Ethnomethodology Dramaturgy Phenomenology - ✅What is the theoretical school of thought of interpretive/constructivist? Postmodernism Poststructualism Indigenous Critical Race Queer Feminism - ✅What is the theoretical school of thought of the paradigm critical?
Critical Theory Critical Pedagogy Indigenous Critical Race Feminism - ✅What is the theoretical school of thought of transformative? Embodiment Phenomenology - ✅What is the theoretical school of thought of arts-based/aesthetic intersubjective? What do we believe? - ✅The philosophical elements of research answer the question "________________________" Interpretive/Constructive - ✅A researcher is interested in how students in one high school create and maintain their social hierarchy through daily patterns of interaction: for example, how they reinforce, demonstrate, and/or challenge notions of popularity in their social and school cliques. The researcher would adopt which paradigm to guide their study? Methodology Methods - ✅A ____________________ is a plan for how research will actually proceed. It combines __________________ and theory. Philosophical Praxis Reflexivity - ✅The ethical substructure impacts every aspect of the research process and consists of three dimensions: _____________, _________________, and _______________. Participants were not told they has syphilis and were not treated for it. -
✅In a project that occurs over a long period of time, it is appropriate to ________________ consent at multiple stages, which mean you review consent issues and participants' right to withdraw. Acting respectful Avoiding coercion Enacting the agreed-upon informed consent points - ✅Regardless of your epistemological position, what are the main ethical issues during data collection? Rapport - ✅A researcher is conducting a study in a community setting needs to show an active interest in participants' stories and demonstrate caring in order to build trust and develop _________________. Time commitment and boundaries (relationship exclusion) - ✅It's important to set expectations with participants around which two areas so that they know what is expected of them and what can they expect from you? Conference presentations Brochures/informational pamphlets Popular media Websites Artistic forms - ✅Research is typically represented in research articles, reports, or books. What are some other formats of representing research? No - ✅In some instances, a project is represented in multiple formats to reach different stakeholders. Is it generally acceptable to publish the same data in two journal articles? The research participant The academic research community In some cases, relevant stockholders outside of the academy -
✅Research findings should be shared with whom? Reflexivity - ✅______________ centers on how power comes to bear on the research process and how we reflect on our own role as researchers. If researchable Significance, value, or worth Personal inventory/preparedness Existing research on topic - ✅After identifying a topic of interest, researchers consider what factors when selecting a research topic? Search Google Scholar Citations to find authors most frequently cited on topic; if authors are mentioned in multiple pieces of literature, search for their articles - ✅When compiling a literature review, how does a researcher identify and locate landmark studies? Summarizing involves documenting major features of source of literature Synthesizing involves connecting and integrating the different sources - ✅What is the difference between summarizing and synthesizing? Purpose or objective of the research process - ✅A research purpose statement specifically states that _________________________________________________________. Community-Based Participation - ✅The research purpose statement "Our primary purpose is to work collaboratively with nurses, doctors, nutritionists, and people with diabetes and their loved ones to develop, implements, and evaluate a food management and at-home health program that addresses the need and concerns of all stakeholders" is likely from a project involving which five approaches to research? Likely affects or influences other variablw - ✅An independent variable is one that _________________.
Saturation Point - ✅When collecting additional data does not yield additional insights, you have reached the ________________. Probability and Purposeful - ✅What are the two umbrella categories under which all sampling procedures fit? Probability Sampling - ✅Relies on probability theory and involves the use of any strategy in which samples are selected in a way that every element in the population has a known and nonzero chance of being selected. Purposeful Sampling - ✅Based on the premise that seeking out the best cases for the study procedures the best data, and research results are a direct result of the cases sampled. Every element in the study population has an equal chance of being selected - ✅Simple random sampling (SRS) is a sampling strategy in which __________________________. Once case organically leads to another - ✅Snowball sampling is a sampling strategy in which _________________________. The major objective/goals/focus Phenomenon under investigation Variables being tested Population Participants or collaborators Setting Research approach Reason for research Arguments Predictions or assumptions -
✅Research purpose statements generally include some combination of what? a paradigm - ✅Many cultures view the United States as a society committed to capitalism, an economic arrangement which they believe inevitably creates inequality. These views and feelings represent: False - ✅The conflict paradigm is limited to economic analyses. Theory helps to gloss over any shortcomings in research findings - ✅Which of the following is NOT a function of theory for research? a. Theory helps us to make sense out of observed patterns. b. Theory shapes and directs research efforts. c. Theory helps to gloss over any shortcomings in research findings. d. Theory helps to prevent our being taken in by flukes. e. Theory helps us to explain occurrences. False - ✅The deductive model tends to be linked to theory development and the inductive model to theory testing. Which unstated norms govern the interactions between family members? - ✅A sociologist with a symbolic interactionist orientation would be MOST likely to do research on which of the following question(s)? a. Is conflict inevitable in the sibling relationship? b. What function does marriage serve for society? c. What is the effect of economic conditions on the crime rate? d. Which unstated norms govern the interactions between family members? e. All of these choices are equally likely to be asked by a symbolic interactionist. True - ✅In the traditional scientific method, the first step is developing a theory.
reported by people age 65 and older increased from 1957 to 1978. A(The) independent variable(s) in this study is(are) Attributes - ✅Female, ages 18-25, brown hair, and teacher are examples of Variable influencing other variables - ✅An independent variable is a direct experience; tradition, personal inquiry; and authority. - ✅Attempts to learn about the world people live in come from Authority - ✅Fred's biology teacher told him about the "birds and the bees." By relying on his biology teacher's explanation, Fred relies on _____ as a way of knowing. Selective Observation - ✅The analysis of deviant cases—cases that do not fit the general pattern—helps guard against Error of overgeneralization - ✅Assume that Professor Rodgers from the previous question had studied only three people aged 65 or older. Suppose he concluded that the average level of happiness increased for people aged 65 and older. Rodgers would be committing there are no formal codes of accepted political conduct whereas there are codes of ethical conduct. - ✅Ethical issues are distinguished from political issues in research in that: False - ✅Everyone agrees that Tom's research does NOT inflict physical harm on subjects. Tom is pleased by this conclusion because it means that he no longer has to be concerned with the issue of harm to subjects. require that technical shortcomings and failures of the study be revealed. -
✅Ethical obligations to one's colleagues in the scientific community: False - ✅Anonymity and confidentiality are two different names for the same concept. False - ✅Once people are told that their participation in a research study is voluntary, there are no ethical problems. True - ✅At the conclusion of his research project, Fred interviews his research subjects to discover whether they have problems because of their participation in the research project. Fred is engaged in the debriefing process. False - ✅Only experimental research and face-to-face interviews are subject to ethical concerns. False - ✅Debriefing entails discussing any potential threats to the participants in research before they take part, during the informed consent process. False - ✅The Tuskegee Research Experiment was designed to cure the participants of syphilis. All of the above - ✅What ethical violations occurred in the Tuskegee Research experiment? a. Deception b. Harm to participants c. No informed consent d. All of the above True -
that there is no causal relationship between the number of storks and the number of babies. - ✅In Sweden, there is a very strong correlation between the number of storks and the number of babies born. However, both of these variables are associated with region (rural vs. urban). This illustrates: False - ✅A cross-sectional study is a specific type of longitudinal research.
