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TOPIC:-

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION AND SOCIAL MOBILITY

SUBJECT: ASSIGNMENT: SUBMIT BY: SUBMITTED TO: UNIVERSITY:

SOCIAL STRATIFICATION:

“Social stratification refers to a society’s categorization of its people into groups based on socioeconomic factors like wealth, income, race, education, ethnicity, gender, occupation, social status, or derived power. It is a hierarchy within groups that ascribe them to different levels of privileges”.

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3.Caste Systems: Caste systems are closed stratification systems, meaning that people can do very little to change the social standing of their birth. Caste systems determine all aspects of an individual's life, such as appropriate occupations, marriage partners, and housing. Example: The Indian caste system is traditionally rooted in Hindu beliefs and customs, and it assigns

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4.Meritocracy:

Meritocracy Is a hypothetical social stratification system in which

one’s socioeconomic status is determined by personal effort and

merit.

However, sociologists agree that no societies in history have

determined social standing solely on merit.

SOCIAL MOBILITY:-

“Social mobility is the movement in time of individuals, families, or other social units between positions of varying advantage in the system of social stratification of a society. Classical authors have studied social mobility primarily in its contribution to class or status group formation”.

TYPES OF SOCIAL MOBILITY:-

Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups within a social hierarchy, which can be in terms of income, education, occupation, or social status. The main types of social mobility are:

1. Vertical Mobility: Movement up or down the social hierarchy. It includes: Upward Mobility : Moving to a higher social or economic position. Downward Mobility : Moving to a lower social or economic position. 2. Horizontal Mobility : Movement within the same social level, such as changing jobs without a change in social status or economic position.

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5. Structural Mobility : Changes in social status due to shifts in the economy, such as economic growth, industrialization, or changes in the job market, which affect many people’s social positions. 6. Exchange Mobility : A situation where individuals or groups move up or down the social ladder, but the overall distribution of social positions remains relatively stable. This involves an exchange of positions between different individuals. Each type of social mobility can be influenced by various factors such as education, economic conditions, government policies, and social networks.

FACTORS OF SOCIAL MOBILITY:-

1.Industrialization and urbanization : According to Lipset industrialization led to high mobility in England and other parts of the world. It is known as Zetterberg Thesis. 2.Occupation: Occupation is a major source of inter-generational mobility in the current time. 3.Social movements: Social movements help in collective mobility. Black Rights movement in US led to rights to the Black community. 4.Social and cultural values : Society as a whole may have liberal or conservative values that hampered

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