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Software Architecture

and the UML

Grady Booch

Architecting a Bird house

Can be built by one personRequires

Minimal modelingSimple processSimple tools

Architecting a high rise

Early architecture

Progress

• Limited knowledge of theory

Modeling a house

Movements in civil architecture



Bronze age/Egyptian (Imhotep)



Grecian/Roman (Vitruvius)



Byzantine/Romanesque



Gothic



Mannerism (Michelangelo, Palladio)



Baroque



Engineering/Rational/National/Romantic



Art noveau



Modern movement (Wright, LeCorbusier)

Progress

• Imitation of previous efforts- Learning from failure- Integration of other forces- Experimentation

Forces in civil architecture

Avoiding failure

• Safety factors- Redundancy- Equilibrium

Compression

Load

Tension

Load

Kinds of loads

• Dead loads- Live loads- Dynamic loads

Any time you depart from established practice, make ten times theeffort, ten times the investigation. Especially on a very large project.

• LeMessuier

Shearing layers of change

Site

Skin

Structure

Services

Space plan

Stuff

Brand,

How Buildings Learn

Forces in Software

Technology churn

Our enemy is complexity, and it’s our goal to kill it.Jan Baan

Performance

Throughput

Capacity

Availability

Fail safe

Fault tolerance

Functionality

Cost

Compatibility

Resilience

The challenge over the next 20 years will not be speed or cost or performance;it will be a question of complexity.Bill Raduchel, Chief Strategy Officer, Sun Microsystems

The domain of architecting

Architecture

Qualities

Process

Architecture Representation

The “what”

The “why” The “how”

The “who”

System Features

Architecture

S/W

Requirements

System

Quality Attributes

SatisfiesConstrain

Organization

Architect

Skills

Stakeholders

Defines role

Produces

Follows

Defines

Technology

Wojtek Kozaczynski

Architecture defined

(again)

Architecture n (1555) 1: the art of science of

building, specifically, the art or practice ofdesigning and building structures and esp.habitable ones 2 a: formation orconstruction as or as if as the result ofconscious act <the ~ of the garden> b: aunifying or coherent form or structure <thenovel lacks ~>

Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary

10th edition

Architecture defined

(yet again)



Software architecture encompasses the setof significant decisions about theorganization of a software system

• selection of the structural elements and their

interfaces by which a system is composed

• behavior as specified in collaborations among

those elements

• composition of these structural and behavioral

elements into larger subsystem

• architectural style that guides this organization

Mary Shaw, CMU

Grady Booch,

Philippe Kruchten,

Rich Reitman

Kurt Bittner, Rational

Architectural style



An architecture style defines a family ofsystems in terms of a pattern of structuralorganization.



An architectural style defines

• a vocabulary of components and connector

types

• a set of constraints on how they can be

combined

• one or more semantic models that specify how

a system’s overall properties can bedetermined from the properties of its parts

Mary Shaw, CMU

Architecture metamodel

Software Architecture

Software ArchitectureDescription

Architectural

view

is made of

is represented by

Architecture Design Process

produces

Form Component

Connection

Architectural

Pattern

is a

is made of

SoftwareArchitectsare actors in

Logical view

Process

view

Implemen-tation view Deployment

view

Requirements

satisfies

Architectural style

has

has

has

is a

System architecture

is partof

Architecture

Style guide

Constraints

constrains

constrains

Use case

view

relates to

Architectural

Blueprint

depicts