Software Development Fundamentals: Exercises and Questions, Exams of Molecular biology

Download Software Development Fundamentals: Exercises and Questions and more Exams Molecular biology in PDF only on Docsity!

98-361 Software

Development

Fundamentals

Which of the following data types would be the best choice for keeping track of players' ages and jersey numbers using the least amount of memory? a. short b. byte c. int - answer b. byte As with any program, some data will be stored on the heap, while other data is placed on the stack. Which of the following will be stored on the heap? a. player's name b. height c. age - answer a. players name It would make sense to store one of these variables as a char. Which one? a. player's name b. weight c. gender - answer c. gender A for loop works best when: a. the number of iterations is known and is unlikely to change during execution b. the number of iterations is known but is likely to change during execution c.

the number of iterations is unknown - answer a. the number of iterations is known and is unlikely to chang How many times does a do..while loop execute? a. at least zero times b. at least one time c. at least two times - answer b. at least one time. Unlike a do..while loop, a while loop may not execute at all! Which of the following are NOT going to be inherited by derived classes? a. constructors b. properties c. methods - answer a. constructors What provides a means for reading and/or modifying private attributes? - answer a property What data structures would be a good choice for organizing data that needs to be accessed in any order? - answer an array Which technology uses "tags" to indicate how information should be displayed in a web browser?

• answer HTML Which of the following is a key advantage of using CSS? a. It allows a web page to be interactive. b. It allows a site to incorporate multimedia clips, such

as videos and music. c. It simplifies the formatting of multiple pages within a site - answer c. It simplifies the formatting of multiple pages within a site This is a client-side technology for making web pages interactive - answer Javascript What is text data stored by the users' web browser called? - answer A cookie! Uhm nom nom Which of the following is NOT a role of IIS? a. to deliver HTML documents to web browsers b. to enable server-side scripting, such as ASP.NET c. to enable client-side scripting, such as JavaScrip - answer b. to enable server-side scripting, such as ASP.NET What is a Virtual Directory? - answer A folder on your computer that maps to the physical location on the server Which of the following is a framework commonly used to access a web service? a. Java b. SOAP c. ASP.NET - answer b. SOAP

For which one of the following situations would visual inheritance be useful? a. several different forms displaying the same data in different ways b. several different forms displaying data from tables in the same database c. several different forms using the same basic layout and UI features - answer c. several different forms using the same basic layout and UI features A Windows Service generally has three different states which are - answer running, stopped, and paused Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of many Windows Services? a. intended to run continuously while the computer is on b. can be configured to start when the operating system is booted c. generally designed to require user intervention at timed intervals - answer c. generally designed to require user intervention at timed intervals What type of user interface (UI) do most Windows Services employ? - answer little or no UI Which query could retrieve the artist "U2" from the table of artists? a. SELECT "U2" FROM Artists b. SELECT * FROM Artists WHERE ArtistName = "U2" c. SELECT * FROM Artists WHERE "U2" IN

ArtistName - answer b. SELECT * FROM Artists WHERE ArtistName = "U2" You can save frequently used queries as: - answer Stored Procedures What is the term used to describe an in-memory cache of a database? - answer dataset What object contains the information ADO needs to connect to a database? - answer Connection String What is a set of ordered and finite steps to solve a given problem? - answer An algorithm What is a graphical representation of an algorithm? - answer A flowchart What is a high-level language and give three examples - answer high-level languages allow you to write precise instructions in a human-readable form. C#, Visual Basic, Java what are Constants? - answer data fields or local variables whose value cannot be modified.

Data types - answer specify the type of data that you work with in a program. The data type defines the size of memory needed to store the data and the kinds of operations that can be performed on the data. Array - answer is a collection of items in which each item can be accessed by using a unique index. Operators - answer are symbols that specify which operation to perform on the operands before returning a result. Unary operators - answer The unary operators work with only one operand. Examples include x, x, or isEven, where x is of integer data type and isEven is of Boolean data type. Binary operators: - answer The binary operators take two operands. Examples include x y or x y. Ternary operators: - answer Ternary operators take three operands. What is the only Ternary operator in C#? - answer ?:

Methods - answer are code blocks containing a series of statements. Methods can receive input via arguments and can return a value to the caller. Decision structures - answer introduce decision- making ability into a program. They enable you to branch to different sections of the code depending on the truth value of a Boolean expression. this will execute a given sequence of statements only if the corresponding Boolean expression evaluates to true. - answer if statement allows your program to perform one action if the Boolean expression evaluates to true and a different action if the Boolean expression evaluates to false. - answer if-else statement switch statement - answer allows multi-way branching. In many cases, using a switch statement can simplify a complex combination of if-else statements. while loop - answer repeatedly executes a block of statements until a specified Boolean expression evaluates to false.

do-while loop - answer repeatedly executes a block of statements until a specified Boolean expression evaluates to false. The do-while loop tests the condition at the bottom of the loop. How many time will a do-while loop run? - answer At least once for loop - answer combines the three elements of iteration—the initialization expression, the termination condition expression, and the counting expression—into a more readable code. The foreach loop - answer is useful for iterating through the elements of a collection. Recursion - answer is a programming technique that causes a method to call itself in order to compute a result. An exception - answer is an error condition that occurs during the execution of a C# program. finally block - answer is used in association with the try block. The finally block is always executed regardless of whether an exception is thrown.

What is the finally block often used for? - answer to write clean-up code events - answer are a way for a class to notify other classes or objects when something of interest happens. class - answer is the template from which individual objects are created. Constructors - answer are used to initialize the data members of the object. Objects - answer are created from the templates defined by classes. Properties - answer allow you to access class data in a safe and flexible way What keyword can be used to access members from within constructors, instance methods, and accessors of instance properties? - answer this Delegates - answer are special types that are used to encapsulate a method with a specific signature.

The class that sends the notification is called a ____ of the event - answer publisher The class that receives the notification is called the _____ of the event. - answer subscriber namespace - answer allows you to organize code and create unique class names. static members - answer belong to a class itself rather than individual objects. Where does a value type store data? - answer within its memory Where does a reference type store data? - answer They store a reference to a location in memory where the data resides. struct - answer used to create user-defined types that consist of small groups of related fields. encapsulation - answer is an information-hiding mechanism that makes code easy to maintain and understand.

Access modifiers - answer control where a type or type member can be used. abstract classes - answer provide a common definition of a base class that can be shared by multiple derived classes sealed classes - answer provide complete functionality but cannot be used as base classes. polymorphism - answer is the ability of derived classes to share common functionality with base classes but still define their own unique behavior. Interfaces - answer are used to establish contracts through which objects can interact with each other without knowing the implementation details ALM What does it stand for and definition - answer Application lifecycle management (ALM) is the set of activities that revolve around a new software product, from its inception to when the product matures and perhaps retires

What are the stages of ALM in order? - answer 1. Requirements, 2. Design, 3. Development, 4. Testing, 5. Maintenance Requirements analysis - answer is the process of determining the detailed business requirements for a new software system. design process - answer is used to create plans, models, and architecture for how the software will be implemented. _______ designs the technical blueprint of the system. This includes identifying components and services, their behavior, and how they interact with each other and with the external world. - answer Architect _________ creates the user experience of the system. This includes designing the user interface (UI) elements; designing navigation between various forms, screens, or pages; and so on. - answer User- experience designer The Software Development - answer activity involves implementing design by creating software code, databases, and other related content.

_______ write code based on the requirements gathered by the business analyst, the architecture laid down by the architect, and the user experience developed by the user-experience designer. - answer Developers _______are responsible for implementation and m aintenance of the software's databases. They also plan for data integrity, security, and speed. - answer Database administrators (DBAs) ________develop the system manuals and help files that will be delivered along with the application. - answer Technical writers ________ are subject matter experts who develop the c ontent for the system. For example, if the application is a movie review website, just deploying the website is not enough—you also need to make sure that the site has enough content to gather user interest. - answer Content Developers Software Testing - answer verifies that the implementation matches the requirements of the system

The _________ activity is used to manage the deployment, delivery, and support of software releases. - answer Release Management _______ focusing solely on inputs and outputs. With this approach, any knowledge of internal system workings is not used during testing. - answer Black-box Testing With ______ testing testers use their knowledge of system internals when testing the system. For example, the testers have access to the source code. - answer White-Box Testing Unit Testing - answer Unit testing verifies the functionality of a unit of code Integration Testing - answer assesses the interface between software components. System Testing - answer is the overall testing of the software system. Acceptance Testing - answer This level of testing is often performed by the customers themselves.

Data Structures - answer are techniques for organizing and storing data in computer memory. queue - answer is a collection of items in which the first item added to the collection is the first one to be removed. (queue) The _____ operation first checks whether there is enough capacity available in the queue to add one more item. If capacity is available, the item is added to the tail end of the queue. If there is no space available in queue, the array is reallocated by a prespecified growth factor, and the new item is then added to the queue. - answer enqueue (queue) The _______ operation removes the current element at the head of the queue and sets the head to point to the next element. - answer dequeue (queue) The _____ operation allows you to look at the current item at the head position without actually removing it from the queue. - answer peek (queue) The _____ operation allows you to determine whether a particular item exists in the queue. - answer contains

stack - answer is a collection of items in which the last item added to the collection is the first one to be removed (stack) The _____ operation first checks whether there is enough capacity available in the stack to add one more item. If capacity is available, the item is added to the top of the stack. If there is no space in the stack, the array is reallocated by a prespecified growth factor, and then the new item is added to the stack. - answer push (stack) The ____ operation removes the element at the top of the stack and sets the top to point to the next element in the stack. - answer pop (Stack) The ___ operation allows you to look at the current item at the top of the stack without actually removing it from the stack - answer peek (stack) The ______ operation allows you to determine whether a particular item exists in the stack. - answer contains

linked list - answer is a collection of nodes arranged so that each node contains a link to the next node in the sequence. sorting algorithms - answer arrange items in a list in a particular order. Bubblesort - answer uses a series of comparison and swap operations to arrange the elements of a list in the correct order. Quicksort - answer algorithm uses the partitioning and comparison operations to arrange the elements of a list in the correct order. the language used by Web servers and browsers to describe a Web page. - answer HTML enable you to store a Web page's style and formatting information separate from the HTML code. This separation makes it easier to update the look and feel of your Web site. - answer Cascading style sheets (CSS) a client-side scripting language that runs inside Web browsers to help create far more interactive

Web pages than are possible with only HTML - answer Javascript the process of maintaining state for a Web page across round-trips. The values of the variables and controls collectively make up the state of a Web page. - answer State Management a Web server for hosting Web applications on the Windows operating system - answer Internet Information Services virtual directory - answer is an alias that maps to a physical directory on the Web server. SOAP (Stands for and Definition) - answer Simple Object Access Protocol is the protocol for exchanging structured information in a Web service communication between two remote computers. WSDL (Stands for and Definition) - answer Web services description language is an XML-based language for describing Web services. smart client applications consisting of one or more forms that display a visual interface to the user.

These applications integrate well with the operating system, use connected devices, and can work whether connected to the Internet or not. - answer Windows Forms applications Visual Inheritance - answer allows you to reuse existing functionality and layout for Windows Forms. (MDI) applications (Stands for and Definition) - answer Multiple Document Interface (MDI) applications are applications in which multiple child windows reside under a single parent window. Console-based application - answer do not have a graphical user interface and use a text-mode console window to interact with the user. Windows Service - answer is an application that runs in the background and does not have any user interface. relational database - answer is a collection of interrelated data based on the relational model

an organized collection of interrelated data that is managed as a single unit. - answer Database Relational Database Design - answer is the process of determining the appropriate relational d atabase structure to satisfy business requirements. Entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs) - answer are used to model entities, their attributes, and the relationships among entities. normalization - answer ensures that a database design is free of any problems that could lead to loss of data integrity. Insert anomaly - answer An insert anomaly is a situation in which you cannot insert new data into a database because of an unrelated dependency Delete anomaly - answer A delete anomaly is a situation in which the deletion of one piece of data causes unintended loss of other data. Update anomaly - answer An update anomaly is a situation in which updating a single data value requires multiple rows to be updated

First Normal Form - answer none of the columns in the table should have multiple values in the same row of data. Second Normal Form - answer it must first meet the requirements for 1NF. In addition, 2NF requires that all non-key columns are functionally dependent on the entire primary key. Third Normal Form - answer The third normal form (3NF) requires that 2NF is met and that there is no functional dependency between non-key attributes. In other words, each non-key attribute should be dependent on only the primary key and nothing else. Stored Procedure - answer is a set of SQL statements that is stored in a database Parameterized stored procedures - answer allow you to pass runtime arguments to the SQL Server. flat file - answer is a database table that is stored inside a stand-alone disk file.

Extensible Markup Language (XML) - answer is a text-based format for representing structured data. Dataset - answer is an in-memory representation of relational data.