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Software Engineering 1 final study questions
and answers 2025/2026 latest update a stepwise refinement underlying life-cycle model is iterative and incremental - answertrue
stepwise refinement is not considered a technique for setting priorities of the workflow - answerfalse cost-benefit analysis should compare current costs and estimate future benefits - answerfalse cost-benefit analysis is always straight forward - answerfalse stepwise refinement is a general technique that can be used for every workflow and almost everyrepresentation - answertrue
tangible costs and tangible benefits are easy to measure - answertrue in stepwise refinement, the importance of an aspect changes from refinement to refinement - answertrue
metrics is part of a workflow - answertrue measurements = metrics - answertrue a CASE (computer-aided software engineering) tool is theoretical - answerfalse CASE can support the entire life-cycle - answertrue perfective and adaptive maintenance result in revisions - answertrue a variation is a version for a different operating system-hardware. - answertrue
a version-control tool handles only parallel versions and does not handle updates - answerfalse when an artifact is to be changed, the current version is frozen temporarily. programmers may makechanges to the version once it is no longer frozen. - answerfalse
configuration control is critical during development - answerfalse tool to check that every data item in the specification document is reflected in the design (and viceversa) - answerconsistency checker
which of the following is not true about CASE tools?a) CASE tools are always inexpensive b)details of the products are stored in the CASE tool itselfc)CASE tools are not always user-friendly - answera) CASE tools are always inexpensive
what are the two types of software versions? - answerrevisions and variations Justifications for CASE include which of the following? a) faster developmentb) fewer faults c) easier maintenanced) improved morale e) only b and c abovef) all of the above - answerall of the above
what are the five basic metrics? - answersize- in lines of code or better cost- in dollarsduration- in months
a configuration (set of versions) - answerbaseline to extend the functionality of a product - answerperfective maintenance the editor must know the name of every code artifact. a structure editor must support ____. - answeronline interface checker
software production by a team - answerprogramming-in-the-many metrics is part of a workflow. measurements = metrics - answersoftware metrics software development at the module level - answerprogramming-in-the-large help developer during the earlier workflows - answerupperCASE (front-end tool) a _______ is a structure editor with online interface checking capabilities, operating system front-end,online documentation, and source level debugger. - answerprogramming workbench
software development at the level of the code of a single module - answerprogramming-in-the-small quality issues include which of the following: a) faultb) failure c) errord) all of the above - answerall of the above
which of the following are types of reviews - answerwalkthroughs walkthroughs consist of how many team members? - answer4-
walkthroughs include members from which of the following?a) the team responsible for the current workflow b) the team responsible for the next workflowc) the SQA group d) all of the above - answerall of the above a walkthrough should last no longer than how many hours? - answer 2 a more thorough walkthrough that leads to detection of more faults should be -driven answerdocument-
which of the following are types of walkthroughs? a) requirementsb) analysis c) designd) plan e) codef) all of the above - answerall of the above
what are the five formal steps of an inspection? -follow-up answeroverview, preparation, inspection, rework,
an inspection team has how many team members? - answer 4 the special role of the ____ leads the team through the design - answerreader which of the following identify the severity of a fault?a) major
the SQA group has power over the software development group when maintaining "ManagerialIndependence" - answerfalse
every software professional is responsible for ensuring that his or her work is correct - answertrue during a walkthrough, the list of items in question is prepared as soon as the walkthrough commences - answerfalse
a walkthrough team is chaired by the senior development team representative - answerfalse in a walkthrough we detect faults, not correct them - answertrue the primary goal of the walkthrough leader is to elicit questions and facilitate discussion - answertrue fault statistics are carried forward to the next workflow - answertrue once a fault has been identified and the statics prepared, the documentation is filed with that workflowand is no longer needed. - answerfalse
a walkthrough is a 5 step, informal process? - answerfalse a product is correct if it satisfies its specifications - answertrue if input that satisfies the input specifications is provided and the product is given all the resources itneeds, then the product is correct if the output satisfies the output specifications - answertrue
correctness proofs is a mathematical technique for showing that a product is correct (satisfies itsspecifications) - answertrue
during execution-based testing, all test cases must be planned beforehand, including the expectedoutput, and retained afterwards - answertrue
testing stops when the product has be irrevocably discarded - answertrue determine if the product as a whole satisfies its requirements - answervalidation test cases are not run during this testing - answernon-execution-based-testing a human mistake - answerfault amount by which a result is incorrect - answererror extent to which a user's needs are met (permitted by the specifications) - answerutility fault, failure, or error - answerdefect observed incorrect behavior of the software product as a consequence of a fault - answerfailure process of determining whether a workflow has been correctly carried out - answerverification the extent to which software satisfies its specifications - answersoftware quality extent to which the product meets constraints (response time & space requirements) - answerperformance
determine if the workflow was completed correctly - answerverification intensive evaluation process that takes place just before the product is delivered to the client - answervalidataion
e) all of the above - answerall of the above major resource(s) in the Software Project Management Plan include which of the following? a) people who will develop the softwareb) hardware on which the software will run c) support softwared) all of the above - answerall of the above
intermediate COCOMO has how many steps - answer 4 product complexity is _______ when the code contains if-then-else, do-while - answervery low 12,000 lines of code is ____ KDSI - answer 12 when developing the test plan, the following should be specified: -performed answerwhat testing is to be when the testing is to be performed how the testing is to be perfromed planning has two types:1. planning that proceeds throughout the project.
- intense planning carried out once the specifications are complete - answertrue planning and software process: it is effective to plan the entire software project at the very beginning ofthe process, then follow that plan until the software has been delivered to the client - answerfalse
the earliest point in the process where accurate duration and cost estimates can be determined as in therequirements workflow - answerfalse
cost estimation is an exact science - answerfalse
assume analysis workflow is complete. an estimate made before the specifications have been signed offon by the client (premature duration or cost estimate) is likely to be considerably less accurate than an estimate made when sufficient data have been accumulated - answertrue the most common metric for the size of a product is the number of lines of code - answertrue the number of lines of code in the final product can be determined only when the product is completelyfinished - answertrue
function points are superior over lines of code - answertrue when preparing estimations, duration and cost are independent of each other - answerfalse metrics: creation of the source code is the most expensive part of the total software development effort- answerfalse
Software Project Management Plan is a function of time - answertrue we only worry about training after the product is finished, and then we can train the user - answerfalse a new software development method or technique or testing procedure necessitates training for everymember of the group - answertrue
when computing costs, metrics determined from the number of lines of code is unrealiable - answertrue using FFP metric, the cost can be estimated before coding begins - answertrue FFP metric is based on lines of code - answerfalse
skill level of people, Complexity of project, Size of project, Familiarity of hardware, Availability of CASEtools, and the Deadline effect are all factors of _________ - answercost estimates
a weakness to the _______ is that the product is more than the sum of its components -up approach answerBottom-
______ is unbiased, and therefore superior to expert opinion. estimates are only as good as theunderlying assumptions - answerAlgorithmic Cost Estimation Models
price that the client will pay - answerDuration: External cost the size of a product is the sum of the number of files, flows and processes -productivity answerefficiency
break the product into smaller components; however, the smaller components may be no easier toestimate - answerBottom-up approach
the date on which the work product is to be completed - answermilestone a data interface between the product and the environment - answerflows once the work product has been reviewed and agreed upon, it becomes a _______ - answerbaseline a collection of logically or physically related records permanently resident in the product - answerfiles it must first pass _______ performed by fellow team members, management, and the client - answerreviews
_____ is sometimes needed to achieve consensus and reconciles three experts predictions, withouthaving group meetings, and where the experts work independently - answerdelphi technique
functionally defined logical or arithmetic manipulation of data: sorting, validating, or updating - answerprocesses
experts compare the target product to completed products (personal involvement of developer) - answerexpert judgement by analogy
work carried on throughout the project. does not relate to any specific workflow of softwaredevelopment - answerwork categories: project function
mode of intermediate COCOMO that is complex - answerembedded estimate the length of the product in KDSI (lines of code) - answerstep 1- intermediate COCOMO an activity comprises a set of _____ (the smallest unit of work subject to management accountability) - answerwork categories: task
a major problem to _____ is that if the estimate of the number of lines of codes of the target product isincorrect, then everything is incorrect - answerintermediate COCOMO
mode of intermediate COCOMO that is medium sized - answersemidetached planning, control, financial, technical, source code and comments within source code are all ________ - answertypes of documentation
work that relates to a specific workflow (activity or task). a major unit of work with precise beginningand ending dates - answerwork categories: activity
compute the nominal effort - answerstep 2- intermediate COCOMO work product, plus staffing requirements, duration, resources, the name of the responsible individualand acceptance criteria for the work product - answerwork package
once the initial set of requirements has been drawn up, refining and extending is termed requirementselicitation - answerfalse
every member of the development team must become fully familiar with the application domain - answertrue
a glossary is a list of technical words used in the domain, along with their meaning - answertrue whenever there is new terminology identified during product development, it should be added to thedocumentation - answertrue
the systems analyst needs to obtain a detailed understanding of the various business processes - answertrue
a questionnaire is useful when the opinions of hundreds of individuals need to be determined because itgives the person time to think about the answer, which might give a more accurate response than an immediate verbal response - answertrue a use case model is an interaction between the software product itself and the users of that softwareproduct (actors) - answertrues
it is usually easy to identify an actor - answertrue there are two types of questions in interviewing: close-minded and open-minded - answerfalse in interviewing it is important to suppress any preconceived notions regarding the client company or theneeds of the clients and the potential users of the target product to be developed - answertrue
interviewing is the primary technique to gather requirements from a client - answertrue an actor is a member of the world outside the software product - answertrue
an actor must be a human being - answerfalse when determining what the client needs, it is what they need, not what they want - answertrue clients always know what they need - answerfalse the initial information of determine what the client needs is used as input to the Unified Process - answertrue
follow the steps of the Unified Process to determine the client's real needs - answertrue the technique of examination of business forms shows how the client currently does business - answertrue
when determining the cost during the requirements workflow, cost is always financial - answerfalse initial requirements are dynamic - answertrue in the case study, applicants interact with the software product - answerfalse each Use Case should contain a step-by-step description - answertrue each Use Case should contain a brief description - answertrue during the second iteration of the revised Use Case diagrams, the new Use Cases are shaded. - answertrue
use cases are often split into separate Use Cases when revising the requirements - answertrue
metrics for the requirements workflow: volatility and speed of convergence are measure of how rapidthe clients needs are determined - answertrue
which of the following are a part of each workflow?1) the activities
- CASE tools3) metrics
- testing techniques appropriate to that workflow5) only 2, 3 and 4 above
- all of the above - answerall of the above metrics for the requirements workflow include which of the following?1) the number of changes made during subsequent phases
- too many changes initiated by the developers can mean the process is flawed3) changes initiated by the client is a moving target problem
- all of the above - answerall of the above the following are true concerning the reuse of rapid prototype.1) reusing a rapid prototype is essentially code and fix
- changes are expensive when made to a working product3) maintenance is hard without specification and design documents
- real-time constraints are hard to meet5) only 1, 2 and 3 above
- all of the above - answerall of the above human-computer interface (HCI) includes which of the following?1) menu, not command line
- point and click3) windows, icons, pull-down menus
- all of the above - answerall of the above rapid prototyping includes which of the following?
- hastily built where imperfections can be ignored2) exhibits only key functionality
- emphasis is on only what the client sees4) only 2 & 3 above
- all of the above - answerall of the above there are _____ categories of initial requirements - answer 2 use the business model to define the initial client's requirements -step answerrequirements workflow: 3rd
a document that demonstrates the cost-effectiveness of the target product -workflow: business model answerrequirements
analyze the client's current situation (precisely) - answerrequirements workflow: 1st step what the client needs - answerrequirements workflow: requirements _______ is the way the developers show the client that they understand how the business works orwhat it needs - answerrequirements workflow: business model
build use cases- use cases are visual so you can see multiple things at a glance -workflow: 2nd step answerrequirements
discovering the client's requirements (methods include interviews and surveys) -elicitation answerrequirements
