Software Engineering Principles - Data Structures - Lecture Slides, Slides of Data Structures and Algorithms

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Chapter 1

Software Engineering Principles

• Lecture

Waterfall Model

Spiral Model

• A logical sequence of discrete steps that describes a complete solution to a given problem computable in a finite amount of time

An Algorithm Is...

• Hardware
  • the computers and their peripheral devices
• Software
  • operating systems, editors, compilers, interpreters, debugging systems, test-data generators, and so on
• Ideaware
  • shared body of knowledge

Programmer ToolBoxes

• Tells what the program must do, but not how it does it
• Is written documentation about the program

Detailed Program Specification

• A model of a complex system that includes only the details essential to the perspective of the viewer of the system
• Programs are abstractions

Abstraction

• The practice of hiding the details of a module with the goal of controlling access to the details from the rest of the system
• A programmer can concentrate on one module at a time
• Each module should have a single purpose or identity

Information Hiding

• A problem is approached in stages
  • Similar steps are followed during each stage, with the only difference being the level of detail involved
• Some variations:
  • Top-down
  • Bottom-up
  • Functional decomposition
  • Round-trip gestalt design

Stepwise Refinement

Visual Aids – CRC Cards

• “Read the specification of the software you want to build.
• Underline the verbs if you are after procedural code,
• the nouns if you aim for an object-oriented program.”

Grady Booch, “What is and isn’t Object Oriented Design,” 1989.

Procedural vs. Object-Oriented Code

Functional Design Modules

Find Weighted Average

Print Weighted Average

Main

Print Data

Print Heading

Prepare File for Get Data

Reading

• A technique for developing a program in which the solution is expressed in terms of objects - self- contained entities composed of data and operations on that data

Object-Oriented Design

Private data

<< setf

.. .

Private data

get .. . ignore

cin cout