Software Interface - Computer Systems - Lecture Slides, Slides of Computer Science

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CSE 410Computer Systems

Main TopicsMain

Topics

•^

The hardware / software interface– the elements of a computer system– what parts are visible to the software– instruction set architecture (ISA)– what happens inside the CPUO

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Operating systems– services an OS performs for an application

design of various OS components

• design of various OS components– OS mechanisms and policies

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Course MechanicsCourse

Mechanics

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3 Lectures/week

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Homeworks most weeks– Written problems, small programming exercises

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Office hours tba, scattered through week– Use them!O

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Online discussion board to stay in touch betweenclasses / office hours

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Homework & ExamsHomework

& Exams

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≈^

6-7 assignments (50%)

g^

(^

)

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Midterm, tentatively Fri. April 30 or Mon. May 3 (20%)

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Final, Tue. June 8, 2:30 (25%)

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Participation, citizenship, etc. (5%)

“^

”

•^

Late policy: 4 “late days”, at most 2 on any singleassignment, counted in 24 hour chunks, otherwise nolate assignments.

g

• Save late days for later!

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Academic IntegrityAcademic

Integrity

•^

Policy on the course web.

Read it!

y

•^

Do your own work – always explain anyunconventional action on your part

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I trust you completely

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I have no sympathy for trust violations – nor shouldyouyou

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Honest work is the most important feature of auniversity. It shows respect for your colleagues andyourself.

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What

’s a Computer?

What s a Computer?•^

For our purposes (for now)…

p^

p^

(^

)

i mainmemory

processor

processor/memory bus

I/O bI/O bus

networkinterface

harddisk

video /camera

opticaldrive

serialports

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interface

disk

camera

drive

ports

Architecture and OrganizationArchitecture

and Organization

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Architecture (the boxes)

(^

)

• defines elements and interfaces between layers– ISA (Instruction Set Architecture): instructions,

registers addressing

programmer’s view of the

registers, addressing – programmer s view of thehardware

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Organization / Implementation (inside the boxes)– components and connections– how instructions are implemented in hardware

many different organizations can implement a single

• many different organizations can implement a single

architecture

• One organization can support multiple architectures(!)

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Instruction set architecturesInstruction

set architectures

Software

ISA

Hardware

ISA

•^

Interface between hardware and software– abstraction: hide HW complexity from the software

through a set of simple operations and devices add,

mul,

and,

lw,

...

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Computer ArchitectureComputer

Architecture

•^

Specification of how to program a specific computer

p

p^

g^

p^

p

family– what instructions are available?– how are the instructions formatted into bits?– how many registers and what is their function?

how is memory addressed?

• how is memory addressed?– how does I/O work?

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Architecture FamiliesArchitecture

Families

•^

IBM 360, 370, … (the first computer family)

,^

,^

(^

p

y)

•^

PowerPC 601, 603, …

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DEC VAX, PDP-

•^

Intel x86: 286, 386, 486, Pentium, P4, Core…

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Intel IA64 Itanium

S

•^

MIPS R2000, R3000, R4000, R5000, ...

•^

SUN Sparc

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ARM family

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ARM family

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MIPSMIPS •^

In this class, we’ll use the MIPS instruction set architecture (ISA) to illustrate

t^

i^

bl^

l^

d^

hi^

i^

ti

concepts in assembly language and machine organization^ —

Of course, the concepts are not MIPS-specific — MIPS is just convenient because it is real, yet simple (unlike x86)

-^

The MIPS ISA is still used in many places today Primarily in embeddedThe MIPS ISA is still used in many places today. Primarily in embeddedsystems, like:^ —

Various routers from Cisco — Game machines like the Nintendo 64 and Sony Playstation 2

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RoadmapRoadmap •^

To start: learn to program at the architecture /

p

g

instruction set / memory level– Information representation (bits, bytes, …)– MIPS assembly language programming

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Then look at some of the core implementation issues

Pipelining

• Pipelining– Memory hierarchy (caches, virtual memory) -^

Hardware from the programmer’s perspective:Hardware from the programmer s perspective:– How does my code run?– Why is it fast or slow?

y

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How to Succeed in CSE 410How

to Succeed in CSE 410

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Remember the big picture– What are we trying to accomplish, and why?

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Read the textbooks– They’re clear well-organized and well-written

They re clear, well organized, and well written(particularly P&H). Work through the examples and trysome exercises on your own. Read the “Real Stuff”and “Historical Perspective” sections.

p

-^

Talk to each other– You can learn a lot from other students, both by asking

and answering questionsand answering questions.

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Help us help you– Come to lectures and office hours. Use the discussion

board Ask lots of questions! Check out the web pagesboard. Ask lots of questions! Check out the web pages.

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