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Mr. Umer Faiz teaches Software Engineering and Software Quality at Bachelors and Masters Levels. He is considered to be one of the best teachers at PIEAS. This is a series of his lectures on Software Quality.
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Department of Computer & Information Sciences Department of Computer & Information SciencesPakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied SciencesPakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Lecture 11
Umar Faiz
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
Software Quality
To
define
problems
and
apply
a
structured
approach
to
bl problem. ^
To
identify
work
as
a
process
with
inputs
and
outputs.
To apply the basic tools of improvement to variousTo
apply
the
basic
tools
of
improvement
to
various
problems
and
analyses
To
make
more
informed
decisions
based
on
facts
and
data
To understand how to determine if a process is in controlTo
understand
how
to
determine
if
a
process
is
in
control
and
capable
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
The
systematic
investigation
of
a
process
to
identify
the
lik l
f h
most
lik
ely
of
the
gap
Taking
corrective
action
to
eliminate
the
gap
Keeping the problem from occurring in the futureKeeping
the
problem
from
occurring
in
the
future
Fixes the problem quickly ^
Fixes
the
problem
quickly
Corrects
the
cause
of
the
problem
Fixes
the
p
roblem
so
it
stays
fixed
p
y
Doesn’t
create
new
problems
Extends
the
fix
into
preventive
action
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
The
basic
statistical
tools
for
quality
control
promoted
by
I hik
id l
d i
f^
i
aoru
shikawa
are
widely
used
in
manufacturing
productions. ^
Ishikawa
developed
seven
basic
visual
tools
of
quality
so
that
the
average
person
could
analyze
and
interpret
data.
These
tools
have
been
used
worldwide
by
companies,
managers
of
all
levels
and
employees.
g^
p
y
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
In
order
to
plan
for
good
data
collection,
ask
these
i
questions:
^
What
question
do
we
need
to
answer?
^
What
data
analysis
tools
(Pareto,
histogram,
etc.)
do
we
envision
y^
(^
,^
g^
,^
)
using,
and
how
will
we
communicate
the
results?
^
What
type
of
data
do
we
need
in
order
to
construct
this
tool
an
answer
this
q
uestion?q
^
Where
in
the
process
can
we
get
this
data?
^
Who
in
the
process
can
give
us
this
data?
^
How can we collect this data from these people with minimum ^
How
can
we
collect
this
data
from
these
people
with
minimum
effort
and
chance
of
error
^
What
additional
information
do
we
need
to
capture
for
future
analysis?
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
analysis?
Places
data
into
“discrete”
classes
Sometimes
simply
called
“discrete:
or
“attribute”
Examples
include:
conforming
and
nonconforming,
on
time and late; excellent good fair and poor; types oftime
and
late;
excellent
,^ good
fair
and
poor;
types
of
defects
Actual
measurement
values
Often
simply
referred
to
as
continuous
data
Have
many
more
uses
than
simple
discrete
data
Examples
include
tensile,
load
deflection,
length,
weight
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
The
Mean
The
Median
The
Mode
The Range ^
The
Range
The
Variance
The
Standard
Deviation
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
Variation
is
the
difference
in
the
measured
output
of
a
process ^
Everything
has
some
amount
of
variation
Over time variation in the measured output from aOver
time
,^ variation
in
the
measured
output
from
a
process
will
follow
a
pattern.
histogram
is
one
tool
that
helps
us
keep
track
of
variationvariation
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
Ishikawa's
seven
basic
tools
for
quality
control
are
^
Checklist
(or
check
sheet)
^
Pareto
diagram
^
HistogramHistogram ^
Scatter
diagram
^
Run
chart
l^
h
^
Control
chart
^
Cause
‐and
‐effect
diagram
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
check
sheet
used
to
help
the
quality
of
a
process
or
product
is
a
“checklist”h^
l^
l
Used
to
gather
data
easily,
consistently,
and
in
a
standard
format
^
Helps
to
define
key
p
arts
of
a
p
rocess,
and
make
sure
they
are
all
p^
y p
p^
y
performed ^
Examples
include
code
inspection
checklist,
detailed
test
procedures
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
Identify
common
defects
occurring
in
the
process.
Draw
a
table
with
common
defects
in
the
left
column
and
h
f h
l^
k h
time
period
across
the
tops
of
the
columns
to
track
the
defects. ^
The
user
of
the
check
sheet
then
p
laces
check
marks
on
p
the
sheet
whenever
the
defect
is
encountered.
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
Defect
Prevention
Process
^
DPP
involves
three
key
steps:
Analysis
of
defects
to
trace
the
root
causes
Action
teams
to
implement
suggested
actions
Stage
kickoff
meetings
as
the
major
feedback
mechanism
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
special
type
of
bar
graph
that
displays
problems
in
order
of
frequency
h
f^
bl
Pareto
charts
are
used
to
identify
and
prioritize
problems
to
be
solved.
They
are
actually
histograms
aided
by
the
rule
y^
y^
g^
y^
adapted
by
Joseph
Juran.
^
Remember
the
80/
rule
states
that
approximately
80%
of
the
problems are created by approximately 20% of the causes.problems
are
created
by
approximately
20%
of
the
causes. http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
Pareto
Charts
are
used
when
products
are
suffering
from
different
defects
but
the
defects
are
occurring
at
a
different frequency or only a few account for most of thedifferent
frequency
or
only
a
few
account
for
most
of
the
defects
present,
or
different
defects
incur
different
costs.
What
we
see
from
that
is
a
product
line
may
experience
a
range of defects.range
of
defects.
The
manufacturer
could
concentrate
on
reducing
the
defects
which
make
up
a
bigger
percentage
of
all
the
defects or focus on eliminating the defect that causesdefects
or
focus
on
eliminating
the
defect
that
causes
monetary
loss.
http://www.pieas.edu.pk/umarfaiz/cis
