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Chapter 7 ISTQB Foundation Exam Sample Quiz 33
Lesson 7 Exam Sample D
Question # Which of the following BEST distinguishes the terms "validation" and "verification"? a) Validation is confirmation through the provision of objective evidence that the specified requirements have been met while verification through the provision of objective evidence that requirements for a specific intended use have been met b) Verification is confirmation through the provision of subjective evidence that the specified requirements have been met while validation through the provision of subjective evidence that the designs for a specific intended use have been met c) Validation is confirmation through the provision of subjective evidence that the specified requirements have been met while verification through the provision of subjective evidence that the designs for a specific intended use have been met d) Verification is confirmation through the provision of objective evidence that the specified require - d) Verification is confirmation through the provision of objective evidence that the specified requirements have been met while validation through the provision of objective evidence that requirements for a specific intended use have been met Question # Which of the following is a possible reason for introducing a defect in software code? a) Rushing to meet a tight deadline to turn code over for testing b) Improper system testing c) Improper unit testing d) Focus on static testing over dynamic testing - a) Rushing to meet a tight deadline to turn code over for testing Question # A software application incorrectly provided customers discount of 50% off their total purchases if the purchases exceed $100. It was discovered through an audit that the discount should have been only 5% off these purchases. A root cause analysis uncovered that the requirements incorrectly stated 50% instead of 5% in this scenario.
a) The incorrect discount is the root cause requiring a root couse analysis which led to investigation the software code design and requirements b) A defect in the code is determined to be the root cause of the incorrect calculation c) The incorrect customer discount is the effect and the reason for the requirement error is the root cause d) The audit funding is the root cause, the incorrect calculation of 50% is the defect and the incorrect requirement is the effect - c) The incorrect customer discount is the effect and the reason for the requirement error is the root cause Question # Which of the following is an example of the absence-of-error fallacy? a) Repeating the same test cases will continue to find new defects even after dozens of executions b) Other than trivial cases, it is not feasible to test all combinations of inputs and preconditions c) A small number of modules contain the most defects d) Since testing found very few defects the system certainly will be successful - d) Since testing found very few defects the system certainly will be successful Question # Which of the following is an example of tasks most associated with the test design activity? a) Test data, derived from production data, is loaded into the test environment b) The project manager updates the project schedule as key test tasks are completed c) The identification of test execution and test automation tools d) Every day, the tester notes the status of his/her test cases in preparation for daily reports - c) The identification of test execution and test automation tools Question # Which of the following as an INCORRECT statement about the benefit of traceability between the test basis and test work products? a) Traceability may help evaluate the extent of test coverage b) Traceability may make it harder to understand the impact of changes c) Traceability may allow testing to be auditable
Which of the following is the BEST reason for selecting a particular type of software development lifecycle model? a) Tester skill level with the software development model b) The project manager's preference c) The project team's overall familiarity with the model d) The type of product being developed - d) The type of product being developed Question # Which of the following statements is the BEST example of non-functional testing? a) Tests based on the internal structure of a component or system b) Tests related to "what" the system should do c) Tests which calculate overtime pay for those employees entitled to such d) Tests which capture the time it takes to save the file - d) Tests which capture the time it takes to save the file Question # Given the following types of testing scenarios: a. Regression testing b. Confirmation testing
- Testing to ensure the application of a new version of the operating system does not have any unintended side-effects on the system
- Testing due to the application of a security patch
- Testing due to the application of a new version of database management system
- Testing to ensure the fix to the payroll system truly works a) 1-a, 2-a, 3-b, 4-b b) 4-a, 3-a, 1-b, 2-b c) 1-a, 2-a, 3-a, 4-b d) 4-a, 3-a, 2-b, 1-b - c) 1-a, 2-a, 3-a, 4-b Question #
Which of the following statements gives the best example of a trigger for maintenance testing? a) Retirement of a customer service application b) Business approval to fund a project to develop an e-commerce web application c) Completion of the requirements specifications for an application d) Completion of the design for an application - a) Retirement of a customer service application Question # Which of the following statements BEST states the value of static testing a) It can prevent defects later in the design and coding by uncovering issues in requirements b) It is most effective when performed after dynamic testing c) It can detect the same defects as those found by dynamic testing d) It can eliminate the need for unnecessary team member communication - a) It can prevent defects later in the design and coding by uncovering issues in requirements Question # Given the following review process main activities and specific review activities: a. Planning b. Initiate review c. Issue communication and analysis d. Fixing and reporting
- Creating defect reports
- Estimating effort status of defects
- Recording updated status of defects
- Selecting the people the participate
- Distributing the work product and other material
- Evaluating the review findings Which of the following BEST matches the review process main activities with the appropriate specific review activities? a) 2-a, 5-a, 1-b, 4-b, 3-c, 6-d
Question # You are responsible for applying the correct technique for review of the requirements document for a project to develop a new software application. You identify the reviewers and the required roles, including the meeting leader, who is the requirements document author, and a separate role for scribe. Additionally, you decide to take a relatively informal approach to the requirements review. The goal of the review is to find defects in the requirements document such as omissions, inconsistencies, and duplications. Another goal of the review is to improve the software application's usability and accessibility by considering the various stakeholder's viewpoints. a) This scenario is using a pair review type and a perspective review technique b) This scenario is using a walkthrough review type and a perspective based review technique c) This scenario is using a walkthrough review type and a checklist based re - b) This scenario is using a walkthrough review type and a perspective based review technique Question # Which of the following provides the BEST description of statement coverage? a) A black-box technique which uses a state table to derive test cases b) And experience-based test technique in which test cases are based on tester's knowledge of past failures c) A white-box test technique which focuses on the percentage of executable statements that has been executed be a test suite d) A white-box test technique which covers the decisions results which determine the next statement to be executed - c) A white-box test technique which focuses on the percentage of executable statements that has been executed be a test suite Question # Which of the following BEST matches the descriptions with the different categories of test techniques?
- Test cases are based on test basis which may include the requirements, use cases and user stories
- Test cases are based on the test basis which may include the software architecture or code
- Test cases can show deviations from the requirements
- These test techniques are applicable to both functional and non-functional testing
- Tests are based on knowledge of developers, users, and other stakeholders Black - Black-box test techniques White - White-box test techniques
Experience - Experience-based test techniques a) Black - 1,2; White - 3,4; Experience - 5 b) Black - 2,3; White - 1,5; Experience - 4 c) Black - 2,3; White - 1; Experience - 4, d) Black - 1,3,4; White - 2; Experience - 5 - d) Black - 1,3,4; White - 2; Experience - 5 Question # A class grade application for instructors assigns letter grades based on students' numerical grades. The letter grades for different numerical grades should be: Above 89, up to 100 - A Above 79, up to 89 - B Above 69, up to 79 - C Above 59, up to 69 - D Below 60 - F Which of the following sets of test inputs would achieve the relatively highest equivalence partition coverage? a) 0, 58, 59, 70, 80 b) 69, 79, 80, 89, 90 c) 74, 79, 84, 85, 89 d) 79, 89, 90, 99, 100 - b) 69, 79, 80, 89, 90 Question # A test score indicator for students produces a performance score based on a combination of the number of consecutive hours studied (below 4 hours, 4 to 8 hours, 9 to 12 hours or above 12 hours) and average intensity of focuses on the material during the study time (low, medium, or high) T1. Hours: 3. Intensity: low; score: 55 T2. Hours: 14. Intensity: high; score: 95 T3. Hours: 9. Intensity: low; score: 75 What is the minimum number of additional test cases that are needed to ensure full coverage of all valid INPUT equivalence partitions?
Given the following state model of sales order software: Which of the following sequences of transactions provides the highest level of transaction coverage for the model (assuming you can start in any state) a) PLACED -> CANCELLED -> PLACED -> CANCELED -> PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION -> CANCELLED b) PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION -> SHIPPED ->CANCELLED -> PLACED c) IN PRODUCTION -> SHIPPED -> INVOICED -> CANCELLED -> PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION d) IN PRODUCTION -> CANCELED -> PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION -> CANCELED -> PLACED - c) IN PRODUCTION -> SHIPPED -> INVOICED -> CANCELLED -> PLACED -> IN PRODUCTION Question # Which of the following statements BEST describes how test cases are derived from a use case? a) Test cases are defined based on non-functional requirements such as usability b) Test cases are designed to cover various user behaviours including basic, exceptional or alternative and error behaviors associated with human users or systems c) Test cases are created using white-box test techniques to execute scenarios of use cases d) Test cases are derived based on pair testing between a user and a tester to find defects - b) Test cases are designed to cover various user behaviours including basic, exceptional or alternative and error behaviors associated with human users or systems Question # Which of the following BEST describes error guessing? a) Error guessing involves designing tests based on experience, defect data or common knowledge about why software fails b) Error guessing involves building test cases based on the various experiences of developes, architects, users and other stakeholders on project teams c) Error guessing is a suitable test technique and can be used effectively in place of more formal techniques d) Error guessing is a valid and useful white-box test technique doe to its high degree of statement coveradge - a) Error guessing involves designing tests based on experience, defect data or common knowledge about why software fails Question #
Which of the following BEST describes exploratory testing? a) Exploratory testing is a suitable test techniques which may replace both black-box and white-box test techniques b) Exploratory testing requires both solid specifications and much project time available for test execution c) Exploratory testing is a valid and useful black-box test technique since it focuses on test cases related to the architecture and design of a system d) Exploratory testing may be used within defined time periods during which the tester may follow a test charter as a guide - d) Exploratory testing may be used within defined time periods during which the tester may follow a test charter as a guide Question # Which of the following BEST describes checklist based testing? a) Checklist-based testing while popular provides little consistency and few guidelines concerning test case development b) Checklist-based testing may involve a list of test based on what is important to the user as well as understanding of why and how software fails c) Checklist-based testing is restricted to non-functional testing including usability, performance and security test d) Checklist-based testing includes formal tests from detailed lists of test conditions, allowing much repeatability - b) Checklist-based testing may involve a list of test based on what is important to the user as well as understanding of why and how software fails Question # Which of the following BEST explains a drawback of independent testing? a) An independent test team may be isolated from the rest of the development and project team b) Due to their different backgrounds and perspectives an independent test team may discover defects which the developers did not uncover c) An independent test team may possesses specializations in specific test types such as usability or security which detract from the overall effectiveness of the test team d) Having the business organization participate as an independent test team can hurt the overall testing effort since business participants are often not trained nor experienced in testing - a) An independent test team may be isolated from the rest of the development and project team
Question # Which of the following statements about test estimation approaches is CORRECT? a) The Wideband Delphi estimation technique is an example of the expert-based approach b) The Wideband Delphi estimation technique is an example of the risk-based approach c) Burndown charts used in Agile development is an example of the expert-based approach d) Burndown charts used in Agile development is an example of the risk-based approach - a) The Wideband Delphi estimation technique is an example of the expert-based approach Question # Which of the following BEST describes a test summary report for executive-level employees? a) The report is detailed and includes specific information on defects and trends b) The report is detailed and includes a status summary of defects and trends c) The report is high-level and includes specific information on defects and trends d) The report is high-level and includes a status summary of defects by priority or budget - d) The report is high-level and includes a status summary of defects by priority or budget Question # Which of the following BEST defines risk level? a) Risk level is calculated by adding the probabilities of all planned risks to a project b) Risk level is determined by the likehood of an event happening and the impact of harm from that event c) Risk level is calculated by dividing the sum of all known risks by the sum of all unknown risks d) Risk level is determined by calculating the absolute value of the sum of all potential issues that may occur on the project - b) Risk level is determined by the likehood of an event happening and the impact of harm from that event Question # Which of the following is MOST likely to be an example of a PROJECT risk? a) A system architecture may not support some non-functional requirements b) A computation is not always performed correctly in some situations
c) Team members' skills may not be sufficient for the assigned work d) Specific modules do not adequately meet their intended functions according to the user - c) Team members' skills may not be sufficient for the assigned work Question # You are testing an e-commerce system that sporadically fails to properly manage customers' shopping carts. You have stressed the urgency of this situation to the development manager and development team and they recognize the priority of resolving the underlying defect. The development team is waiting for more information, which you will include in your defect report. Given the following items of information they are included in a typical defect report:
- The expected results
- The actual results
- The urgency and priority to fix this
- The date and author of the defect report
- A description of the defect in order to reproduce, including screenshots and database dumps Which of these items will be MOST useful to the developers to help them identify and remove the defect causing this failure? a) 1, 2, 5 b) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c) 1, 2, 4 d) 3, 4 - a) 1, 2, 5 Question # Which of the types of test tools noted below BEST describes tools that support reviews? a) Tools to support usability b) Tools to assess data quality c) Tools to support specialized testing needs d) Tools to support static testing - d) Tools to support static testing Question # Which of the following BEST describes a benefit of test automation?
