Download sol review questions and more Study notes Religion in PDF only on Docsity!
SOL REVIEW QUESTIONSSOL REVIEW QUESTIONS
for for
World History and Geography to 1500 A.D. World History and Geography to 1500 A.D.
WHI.2 REVIEW
What shaped how early human societies lived their lives? _____ ENVIRONMENT ________________ On what continent did the first forms of man evolve? ________ AFRICA _________________________ What form of early man emerged about 100,000 to 400,000 years ago? __ HOMO SAPIENS __________ Homo sapiens migrated from Africa to where? ______ EURASIA, THE AMERICAS, AUSTRALIA ___ How did early man gain his food? _____ HUNTING AND GATHERING _______________________ Early man was dependent on the availability of what? ____ WILD PLANTS AND ANIMALS _________
WHI.2 REVIEW
Early man was able to overcome his physical environment because he developed what? _ FIRE _ Name 2 characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies. __ SMALL NOMADIC CLANS, SIMPLE TOOLS_ Name 4 things which developed during the Old Stone Age. __ SIMPLE TOOLS, ORAL LANGUAGE, FIRE, CAVE ART ________________________________________________________________ What is another name for the Old Stone Age? __ PALEOLITHIC ERA _______________ _________ A person who migrates in search of food, water and shelter is a ?. ____ HUNTER-GATHERER _____
WHI.2 REVIEW
Name 5 things which developed during the New Stone Age. ___ AGRICULTURE, _ DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS, _ POTTERY, _ WEAVING, _ ADVANCED _ TOOLS ____________________________________ What is another name for the New Stone Age? ____ NEOLITHIC ERA ______________________ What effect did agriculture have on how early man lived? __ ALLOWED FOR PERMANENT SETTLMENTS What does carbon dating do? __ DETERMINES THE AGE OF FOSSILS/ARTIFACTS, ETC. __________ What is an artifact? _ SOME PHYSICAL REMAIN FROM AN ANCIENT CIVILIZATION _____________ Who studies past cultures by locating & analyzing human remains, fossils, and artifacts? ARCHEOLOGIST What archaeological site in England was built during the Neolithic period & Bronze Age? _STONEHENGE _
WHI.3 REVIEW
What did river valleys provide for early civilizations? _ FERTILE SOIL ___________________________ The area located from the Mediterranean coast to Mesopotamia is called what? _ FERTILE CRESCENT _ When did the first river civilizations appear? _ 3500 TO 500 B.C. ________________________________
Egypt is located next to what river? _ NILE (AFRICA) ________________________________________ What area is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers? _ MESOPOTAMIA ________________ What river valley civilization was located in India? _ INDUS AND GANGES _____________________ On what river was China’s river civilization located? __ HUANG HE ____________________________
WHI.3 REVIEW
The Nile River is located on what continent? ________ AFRICA ________________________________ On what continent is Mesopotamia located? _________ ASIA __________________________________ Where did the first civilizations develop? _____ RIVER VALLEYS ______________________________ What groups invaded river valley civilizations? ___ INDO-ARYANS _____________________________ Who settled between the Mediterranean Sea and Jordan River Valley? __ HEBREWS ________________ What group settled along the Eastern Mediterranean coast? ___ PHOENICIANS ____________________ What civilization was located on the upper Nile River Valley? __ KUSH __________________________
WHI.3 REVIEW
Where were the “Cradles of Civilization” located? __ RIVER VALLEYS _________________________ Who ruled Egypt? ___ THE PHAROAH ___________________________________________________ How did rulers in the river valleys gain power? __ AS RELIGIOUS AND MILITARY LEADERS _____ What is a dynasty? __ A FAMILY WHO RULES (POWER IS INHERITED) ______________________ (True)(False) Most river civilizations had a rigid class system. __ TRUE __________________________ What was accepted in most river valley civilizations? ___ SLAVERY __________________________ The government of early Mesopotamian civilizations often had a centralized government based on what? ______ RELIGION _________________________________________________________
WHI.3 REVIEW
Name the two written law codes of the Fertile Crescent. TEN COMMANDMENTS & HAMMURABI’S CODE What is an empire? __ FORMERLY INDEPENDENT PEOPLES/STATES WHO COME UNDER ONE RULE _ What political system is characterized by a city and its surrounding lands? _ CITY STATE _____________ What were two metals used to make tools and weapons? ___ IRON, BRONZE, & COPPER ________ ___ What group traded throughout the Mediterranean Sea and on Middle Eastern rivers? _ PHOENICIANS __ Name 3 reasons river valley civilizations had an agricultural surplus. _ FERTILE SOIL, ENOUGH LABOR, WATER FOR CROPS __________________________ Where were the world’s first cities located? __ RIVER VALLEYS (MESOPOTAMIA FIRST) _______
WHI.3 REVIEW
Who had the largest empire in the ancient world before Alexander the Great? _ PERSIA ________________ What was the second river valley in India to be settled? __ GANGES ________________________________
WHI.4 REVIEW
Who invaded and conquered the original Indus River Valley civilization? __ INDO-ARYANS __________ What was India’s rigidly structured social system based on occupation? _ CASTE SYSTEM ___________ Name 3 geographic barriers which made invading India harder. _ HINDU KUSH, HIMILAYAS, & INDIAN OCEAN ______________________________ What mountains are to the west of the Indian sub-continent? _ HINDU KUSH ________________________ What mountains are to the east of the Indian sub-continent? _ HIMILAYAS __________________________ Through what mountain range did invaders reach India? _ HINDU KUSH ____________________________ What are the 2 main rivers of the Indian subcontinent? _ INDUS & GANGES _________________________
WHI.4 REVIEW
What did the caste system influence? _ SOCIAL CLASS & OCCUPATION ______________________ During what empire was India’s Golden Age of Culture? _ GUPTA _____________________________ Name 2 non-religious contributions of India. _ MATHEMATICS & LITERATURE ________________ What was the religion of classical India? _ HINDUISM ___________________________________ What religion believes in one major deity who takes many forms? _ HINDUISM ___________________ The Indian cycle of rebirth is called what? _ REINCARNATION ________________________________ Future reincarnation based on present behavior is what? _ KARMA ______________________________
WHI.4 REVIEW #1 4
What are the sacred writings of Hinduism? _ VEDAS & UPANISHADS __________________________ What religion did Siddhartha Gautama found? _ BUDDHISM __________________________________ Where was Buddhism founded? _ INDIA ___________________________________________________ What does a Buddhist have to do to gain Enlightenment? _ EIGHTFOLD PATH TO ENLIGHTENMENT_ Who was Buddha? __ SIDDARTHA GUATAMA ___________________________________________ Who sent missionaries to spread Buddhism throughout Asia? _ ASOKA (MAURYAN RULER) ________ What are the 2 basic beliefs of Buddhism? _ LIFE IS SUFFERING, SUFFERING IS CAUSED BY DESIRE, END SUFFERING BY ENDING DESIRE, END DESIRE THROUGH EIGHTFOLD PATH ____________ In what river valley was classical China’s civilization located? __ HUANGE HE ______________________
WHI.4 REVIEW #1 5
What is another name for the Huang He? YELLOW RIVER_____________________________________ From where did migratory invaders enter China? **** NORTH _______________________________________ Why was the Great Wall built? __ TO KEEP INVADERS FROM THE NORTH OUT _________________
About when did China’s civilization begin? __ 1500 B.C. ________________________________________ What 2 religions did China contribute? _ CONFUCIANISM & TAOISM _____________________________ Who built the Great Wall of China? __ QIN RULER SHI HUANGDI ________________________________ The ruling families of China were called what? _ DYNASTIES __________________________________ Chinese rulers served under the authority of what? __ MANDATE OF HEAVEN ______________________
WHI.4 REVIEW #1 6
What does this mean? _ CHINESE RULERS WERE CONSIDERED DIVINE HAD HAD THE RIGHT TO RULE ONLY AS LONG AS HEAVEN DEEMED THEIR RULE JUST __________________________ Chinese emperors were considered to be what? __ DIVINE _______________________________________ What connected China to cultures as far away as Rome? _ THE SILK ROADS ________________________ People who work for the bureaucracy of China were part of what? _ THE CIVIL SERVICE ______________ What fabric did China contribute to the world? _ SILK ___________________________________________ Name 4 contributions of classical China. _ SILK, PORCELAIN, PAPER, LATEEN SAIL _______________ What religion believes that humans are good, not bad? _ CONFUCIANISM ________________________ Name 5 beliefs of Confucianism. _ HUMANS ARE GOOD, NOT BAD; PEOPLE SHOULD BE EDUCATED; GOVERNMENT SHOULD BE RUN BY A CIVIL SERVICE, EVERYONE SHOULD BE RESPECTFUL, ESPECIALLY TO ELDERS, ANCESTORS SHOULD BE REVERED/WORSHIPPED ____
WHI.4 REVIEW #1 7
In what country do citizens respect their elders and worship their ancestors? _ CHINA _________________ What belief of Confucianism still influences China today? __ RESPECT & POLITENESS ______________ What represents opposites in Daoism and Confucianism? __ YIN/YANG __________________________ What religion believes in a simple life and inner peace? _ DAOISM (TAOISM) _______________________ What religion believes man should live in harmony with nature? __ DAOISM (TAOISM) ______________ Buddhism from where spread throughout Asia? _ INDIA ________________________________________ What 3 religions are practiced in China? _ BUDDHISM, CONFUCIANISM, & TAOISM ______________
WHI.5 REVIEW
What geographic feature shaped the economic, social, and political development of Greece? AEGEAN BASIN The Hellenic civilization took place in what country? _ GREECE __________________________________ How did the Greeks spread the Hellenic culture? _ THROUGH TRADE, COLONIZATION, & CONQUEST __ What sea is located east of Greece? _ AEGEAN _____________________________________________ What sea is located south of Greece? __ MEDITERRANEAN ___________________________________ What strait leads to the Black Sea? __ DARDANELLES _______________________________________ What peninsula is located east of Greece? _ ASIA MINOR _____________________
WHI.5 REVIEW #2 3
Which Greek city-state had a militaristic and aggressive society? _ SPARTA __________________________ What Greek city-state had an oligarchy? _ SPARTA ______________________________________________ Which city-state had a rigid social structure? _ SPARTA __________________________________________ What type of government is ruled by a small group? _ OLIGARCHY _________________________________ Which wars united Athens and Sparta against an external enemy? _ PERSIAN WARS ___________________ What was a result of the Persian War for Athens? _ PRESERVED INDEPENDENCE & CONTINUED INNOVATIONS IN CULTURE & GOVERNMENT __________________________________________ Name 2 battles of the Persian Wars. _ MARATHON & SALAMIS _____________________________
WHI.5 REVIEW #2 4
A result of the Persian War for the Greeks was the control of what sea?. _ MEDITERRANEAN _____________ Which war came first--Peloponnesian or Persian? _ PERSIAN __________________________________ What was the alliance headed by Athens? _ DELIAN LEAUGE ___________________________________ What war was caused by competition between Athens & Sparta for control of the Greek world? PELOPPONESIAN WAR______ What war caused a slowing of culture and a weakening of political power in Greece? PELOPPONESIAN WAR What was the alliance headed by Sparta? **** PELOPPONESIAN LEAGUE ___________________________ Who was Pericles? **** ATHENIAN LEADER DURING THE GOLDEN AGE OF ATHENS WHO EXTENDED DEMOCRACY AND HELPED REBUILD THE CITY AFTER THE PERSIAN WARS ______________
WHI.5 REVIEW #2 5
Who rebuilt Athens after the Persian Wars? _ PERICLES _______________________________________ What building was rebuilt after the Persian Wars? _ THE PARTHENON _____________________ During whose reign was democracy was extended so all adult male citizens could vote & participate in the government?PERICLES _______________________________________________ The Golden Age of Pericles was between what 2 wars? **** PERSIAN & PELOPPONESIAN ___________ Who wrote the Iliad & the Odyssey? _ HOMER ______________________________________________ Name 2 Greek dramatic playwrights. _ SOPHOCLES & AESCHYLUS ___________________________ Name the first Greek historian. _ HERODOTUS (FATHER OF HISTORY) _____________________
WHI.5 REVIEW #2 6
What Greek historian wrote about the Peloponnesian War? _ THUCYDIDES _______________________ Who was the Greek sculptor who created the statue of Athena in the Parthenon? _ PHIDIAS _____________ What kind of columns are on the Parthenon? _ DORIC (OLDEST) ________________________________ What were the 3 types of Greek columns? _ DORIC, IONIAN, & CORINTHIAN ____________________
Who was the Greek who developed the lever and pulley? _ ARCHIMDEDES ______________________ Who was the father of medicine? __ HIPPOCRATES ________________________________________ Name 3 Greek philosophers. _ SOCRATES, PLATO, & ARISTOTLE ___________________________ Who developed a theory about right triangles? _ PYTHAGORAS ________________________________
WHI.5 REVIEW #2 7
Who was the father of geometry? _ EUCLID ________________________________________________ What war made it easier for the Macedonians to conquer Greece? _ PELOPPONESIAN WAR _________ What Macedonian conquered most of Greece? _ PHILLIP II _______________________________ Name 3 areas controlled by Alexander the Great. _ EGYPT, GREECE, & PERSIA _________________ What did Alexander the Great spread? _ HELLENIC CULTURE _______________________________ Who conquered the Persian Empire and most of the ancient world? __ ALEXANDER THE GREAT ____ How was Hellenistic culture spread? _ THROUGH TRADE _______________________ What was Hellenistic culture? __ BLEND OF GREEK, EGYPTION, & EASTERN CULTURES ______
WHI.6 REVIEW #2 8
Where was Rome located? __ ITALIAN PENINSULA ______________________________________ Name two advantages of Rome’s location. _ FERTILE SOIL & PROTECTION OF THE ALPS _______ What protected Italy from northern invaders? _ ALPS _________________________________________ What protected Italy on all other sides? _ MEDITERRANEAN __________________________________ On what landform is Italy located? _ ITALIAN PENINSULA ___________________________________ What advantages did the Mediterranean Sea provide for Rome? _ PROTECTION & SEABORNE COMMERCE What type of religion did Rome follow? _ POLYTHEISM (MYTHOLOGY) _________________ How has Roman mythology influenced western art and culture? _ SYMBOLS IN ART, LITERATURE, MONUMENTAL ARCHITECTURE, & POLITICS _________
WHI.6 REVIEW # 29
Did Rome’s religion influence its politics, culture and art? __ YES __________________________________ Name 3 things Roman mythology explained. _ NATURAL PHENOMENA, HUMAN QUALITIES, & LIFE EVENTS _____________________________________________ Roman mythology was based on what? _ GREEK MYTHOLOGY ________________________________ Name six Roman gods/goddesses. _ JUPITER, JUNO, DIANA, APOLLO, MINERVA, & VENUS ______
WHI.6 REVIEW #3 0
Name 3 groups in Roman society who had no rights. _ WOMEN, SLAVES, & MOST ALIENS __________ Non-Romans living in the Roman Republic were called what? _ ALIENS __________________________ What was the highest Roman social class and who was in it? _ PATRICIANS (POWERFUL NOBILITY) _____
WHI.6 REVIEW #3 4
What happened to Julius Caesar? _ HE WAS ASSASSINATED BY THE SENATE ON THE IDES OF MARCH Who defeated Marc Anthony at the Battle of Actium? _ AUGUSTUS CAESAR ______________________ Who was the first emperor of Rome? _ AUGUSTUS CAESAR ____________________________________ How did Rome unify and enlarge its empire? _ USED IMPERIAL AUTHORITY AND THE MILITARY What was a weakness of the Roman political system? _ THERE WAS NO CLEAR LINE OF SUCCESSION Name 3 things Augustus Caesar instituted when he established the Roman Empire. CIVIL SERVICE SYSTEM, UNIFORM RULE OF LAW, COMMON COINAGE, & SAFE TRAVEL AND TRADE THROUGHOUT THE EMPIRE _______________________________________________________________________ What was the Pax Romana? **** 200 YEARS OF PEACE AND PROSPERITY WHICH BEGAN UNDER AUGUSTUS CAESAR
WHI.6 REVIEW #3 5
What emperor established the Pax Romana? _ AUGUSTUS CAESAR _______________________________ What was expanded and solidified during the Pax Romana? __ ROMAN EMPIRE _________________ Name 3 effects of the Pax Romana on the economy. _ UNIFROM CURRENCY FACILITATED TRADE, SAFE TRAVEL AND TRADE ON ROMAN ROADS, & STABILITY AND PROSPERITY ______________ What effect did a uniform system of money have on the Pax Romana? _ MADE TRADE EASIER _________ Name 2 social impacts of the Pax Romana. _ RETURNED STABILITY TO SOCIAL CLASSED AND INCREASED THE EMPHASIS ON THE FAMILY Rule by law describes what? _ TWELVE TABLES (EVERYONE FOLLOWS THE SAME LAWS) _____ During what period did a civil service and uniform rule of law develop? _ PAX ROMANA __________
WHI.6 REVIEW #3 6
What is the civil service? _ GOVERNMENT JOBS BASED ON MERIT GO TO CITIZENS ______ Christianity was based on what religion? _ JUDAISM ______________________________________ What kind of religion was Christianity? __ MONOTHEISM _________________________________ Who was proclaimed the Messiah? _ JESUS __________________________________________________ Who originated Christianity? _ JESUS ___________________________________________________ Why did the Romans persecute Christians? _ NEW RELIGION CONTRADICTED THEIR MYTHOLOGY ___ Name 3 basic beliefs of Christianity. _ JESUS IS THE MESSIAH, JESUS IS THE SON OF GOD AND GOD INCARNATE, AND ETERNAL SALVATION IS GRANTED TO THOSE WHO FOLLOW JESUS __ What was the holy book for Christians? _ NEW TESTAMENT ___________________________
WHI.6 REVIEW #3 7
Who established early Christian doctrine? _ CHURCH COUNCILS _________________________ What was the goal of the Apostles? _ TO SPREAD CHRISTIANITY _______________________
What does the New Testament contain? _ TEACHINGS OF JESUS ______________________ Who helped to establish Christianity as a separate religion? _ APOSTLES ____________________ Who was the first Christian emperor? _ CONSTANTINE ____________________________ What emperor legalized Christianity? _ CONSTANTINE ____________________________________ How did the Romans treat the Christians? _ PERSECUTED THEM, EXECUTED THEM, ETC. _____ What became the moral authority of the late Roman Empire? _ THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH _________
WHI.6 REVIEW # 38
What was the main unifying force in western Europe after the fall of Rome? _ THE CATHOLIC CHURCH After the fall of the Roman Empire, to whom did the people of Europe give their loyalty? _ THE POPE __ What spread Roman culture? _ ROMAN LEGIONS (MILITARY THROUGH CONQUEST) __________ What temple was built by Hadrian in Rome and has a freestanding dome? _ PANTHEON ____________ What area in Rome was the center of gov't and religion? _ FORUM ______________________________ It was an amphitheater where gladiator games were held. _ COLOSSEUM ______________________ The Appian Way is an example of a ?. _ ROMAN ROAD _______________________________ This carried water to Roman cities. _ AQUEDUCTS ______________________________________
WHI.6 REVIEW
Most Roman buildings have this architectural feature. _ ARCH __________________________________ Name 3 examples of public health in Rome. _ GOVERNMENT GAVE FOOD TO POOR, BUILT PUBLIC BATHS, PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS, MEDICAL SCHOOLS ___________________________ Who was Ptolemy? _ ROMAN SCIENTIST (ASTRONOMER AND GEOGRAPHER) _____________ What language did they speak in Rome? __ LATIN ________________________________ Languages which came from Latin are called what? __ ROMANCE LANGUAGES ___________ Name 3 Romance languages. _ SPANISH, FRENCH, & ITALIAN ______________________ Who wrote the Aeneid? __ VIRGIL ______________________________________________________________ What were the 2 most important religions in Rome? _ CHRISTIANITY AND MYTHOLOGY ________
WHI.6 REVIEW #4 0
What principle of law came from Rome? _ ”INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY” ________ What were the Twelve Tables? _ UNIFORM SET OF ROMAN LAWS HUNG IN THE FORUM ____ Why did the Western Roman Empire “fall”? _ INTERNAL STRUGGLE AND GERMANIC INVASIONS _ Name 2 economic factors for the fall of Rome. DEFNSE TO COSTLY AND DEVALUATION OF CURRENCY Who did the Roman army include at the “fall of Rome”? _ INVADERS FROM GERMANIC TRIBES __ (True)(False) No one factor caused Rome to fall. _ TRUE ______________________________________
What is the Byzantine domed church in Constantinople? _ HAGIA SOPHIA _______________________ What language was spoken in the Byzantine Empire? _ GREEK ________________________________ What type of Christianity was practiced in the Byzantine Empire? _ GREEK ORTHODOX ___________ What did Byzantine libraries preserve? _ GRECO-ROMAN LEARNING ________________________ What weakened the unity of the Christian Church? _ SPLIT OVER POWER OF THE POPE & ICON USE _ Where was the Eastern church centered? _ CONSTANTINOPLE __________________________ What language did the Eastern church use? _ GREEK (OR LOCAL LANGUAGES) ____________ What language did the Western church use? _ LATIN _______________________________________
WHI.7 REVIEW #4 5
Where was the Western church centered? _ ROME ____________________________________________ Who was accepted as the leader of the Western church? _ POPE _________________________________ Who accepted the practice of celibacy? _ THE WESTERN CHURCH (ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH) _ What was the result of the differences between the Eastern and Western Christian churches? SCHISM What civilization influenced Eastern Europe & Russia? _ BYZANTINE EMPIRE __________________ What church did Russia and Eastern Europe adopt? _ ORTHODOX (GREEK ORTHODOX) _________ How did Eastern Europe and Russia come into contact with the Byzantine Empire? TRADE_________ Who developed the Slavic alphabet? **** ST. CYRIL ___________________________________________ What civilization influenced Russian architecture and religious art? (^) _ BYZANTINE ______________
WHI.8 REVIEW #4 6
Who founded Islam? _ MUHAMMED _____________________________________________ What type of religion is Islam? _ MONOTHEISTIC ________________________________________ Who is The Prophet? _ MUHAMMED _________________________________________________ What are the two holiest cities of Islam? _ MECCA & MEDINA _______________________________ Where are they located? _ ARABIAN PENINSULA _________________________________________ Where was the first Muslim Empire located? _ ARABIAN PENINSULA ________________________ What does Allah mean? _ GOD IN ARABIC _______________________________________________ What is the holy book of Islam? _ KORAN/QURAN _________________________________________ Name 3 of the Five Pillars of Islam. _ PRAY FIVE TIMES A DAY FACING MECCA, PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA, & ALMS-GIVING _____________________________________________________
WHI.8 REVIEW # 47
Name 3 prophets Muslims believe in. _ MOSES, JESUS, & MUHAMMED ____________________ Name 2 geographic barriers Muslims overcame to spread their religion. _ DESERTS & MOUNTAINS __ Where did Islam spread? _ AFRICA, ASIA (FERTILE CRESCENT, IRAN, CENTRAL ASIA), & INTO SPAIN
Islam spread along what type of routes? _ TRADE ROUTES _________________________________ What did a common language help Muslims to do? _ FACILITATED TRADE ______________________ Did geographic barriers stop the spread of Islam? _ NO _________________________________________ Why was Islam able to spread into the Fertile Crescent and Central Asia? WEAK PERSIAN & BYZANTINE EMPIRES What language did the Muslims spread? _ ARABIC ______________________________________ Slavery in Muslim countries was not based on …. _ RACE ______________________________________
WHI.8 REVIEW # 48
What are the 2 divisions of Islam? _ SUNNI & SHI’A ________________________________________ What battle “saved” Europe from the Muslims? __ BATTLE OF TOURS _________________________ What cities in the Middle East were conquered by the Muslims? _ JERUSALEM & DAMASCUS ____ What mosque is in Jerusalem? _ THE DOME OF THE ROCK ____________________________ Name 3 contributions of Islamic society. _ ALGEBRA, GEOGRAPHIC KNOWLEDGE, ARABIC NUMERALS (ADAPTED FROM INDIA) INCLUDING ZERO, & MEDICINE ________________________ How did Muslims save ancient texts? _ TRANSLATED THEM INTO ARABIC ___________________ What was the artistic form used by Muslims in many of their mosques? _ MOSAICS ____________ Where did Arabic numerals originally come from? __ INDIA __________________________________ What 2 mathematical concepts did Muslims develop? _ ARABIC NUMERALS & ALGEBRA _______ Name 2 other achievements of the Muslims. _ UNIVERSITIES & ARCHITECTURE ______________
WHI.9 REVIEW # 49
What was the unifying force in western Europe after the fall of Rome? _ CATHOLIC CHURCH ______ What gained importance as the Roman empire declined? _ CATHOLIC CHURCH __________________ Who anointed the Holy Roman Emperor? _ POPE ____________________________________________ What needs of the people did the Roman Catholic Church serve? SOCIAL & RELIGIOUS__________ Name the 3 foundations of early medieval society. **** CLASSICAL HERITAGE OF ROME, CHRISTIAN BELIEFS, & CUSTOMS OF GERMANIC TRIBES __________________________________________ What preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements? _ MONASTERIES ___________________ What 2 things did Christian missionaries bring to the Germanic tribes? _ CHRISTIANITY & THE LATIN ALPHABET _________________________
WHI.9 REVIEW #5 0
When did the pope anoint Charlemagne? _ 800 A.D. __________________________________________ What title did Charlemagne gain? _ HOLY ROMAN EMPORER ________________________________ Who served the religious and social needs of the people? _THE CHURCH (PARISH PRIESTS)_______ What kind of system was established in Europe after the fall of the Roman Empire? _FEUDAL SYSTEM
What was traded across the Trans-Saharan trade route? _ GOLD & SALT _____________________ Northern European trade routes were linked to what sea? _ BLACK SEA ________________________ Western European trade routes centered around what? _ SEA & RIVER TRADE _________________ Southeast Asian trade centered around what sea? _ SOUTH CHINA SEA ______________________ What was exchanged between the Eastern Hemisphere trade routes? _ TEXTILES, PORCELAIN, GOLD, SALT, TECHNOLOGY (SAIL, COMPASS), & AGRICULTURAL GOODS (SUGAR FROM INDIA) _______ What was traded from lands around the Indian Ocean? _ TEXTILES & SUGAR __________________
WHI.10 REVIEW #5 5
What type of goods came from India, China, the Middle East, and later Europe? TEXTILES________ What goods came from China and Persia? **** PORCELAIN ________________________________ Where did paper originally come from? _ CHINA __________________________________________ How did paper get to Western Europe? _ ACROSS THE MUSLIM & BYZANTINE EMPIRES ________ What new crop came from India? _ SUGAR ___________________________________________ Name 2 technological inventions from the Eastern Hemisphere? _ WATERWHEELS & WINDMILLS ___ Name 2 new navigation technologies. _ COMPASS & LATEEN SAIL ____________________________ Where did they come from? _ CHINA AND INDIAN OCEAN ___________________________ What ideas spread across the hemispheres? _ BUDDHISM, HINDUISM, & ISLAM ______________
WHI.10 REVIEW #5 6
Buddhism spread from China to where? _ KOREA & JAPAN _____________________________ What religions spread from India to Southeast Asia? _ BUDDHISM _______________________ Where did Islam spread? _ WEST AFRICA, CENTRAL & SOUTHEAST ASIA ___________ What 2 inventions came from China? _ PAPER & COMPASS __________________________ What 2 religions coexist in Japan? _ BUDDHISM & SHINTO ____________________ What is an archipelago? _ SERIES OF ISLANDS (LIKE JAPAN) __________________________ What is the topography of Japan? _ MOUNTAINOUS ____________________________ Name 2 geographic features which helped to defend Japan? _ EAST SEA & PROXIMITY TO CHINA
WHI.10 REVIEW # 57
What separates Japan from the Asian mainland? _ EAST SEA __________________________ Japan is near what 2 countries? _ KOREA & CHINA ____________________________________ Name 3 Chinese influences on Japanese culture. _ WRITING, ARCHITECTURE, & BUDDHISM What is the ethnic religion of Japan? _ SHINTO __________________________________________ Name 3 important features of Shintoism. _ NATURAL FEATURES, FORCES OF NATURE, & ANCESTORS Who did the Japanese worship as part of their religion? _ THE EMPEROR ____________________
What is the state religion of Japan? _ SHINTO _____________________________________ (True)(False) A person cannot be a follower of both Shintoism and Buddhism. _FALSE________
WHI.10 REVIEW # 58
What brought important economic, cultural, and religious influences to African civilizations? TRADE What 3 African civilizations developed in West Africa? _ GHANA, MALI, & SONGHAI ___________ What civilization developed in East Africa? __ AXUM ________________________________ What civilization developed in southern Africa? __ ZIMBABWE ______________________ What civilization was located in the Ethiopian Highlands, near the Nile River? AXUM____ Christianity was the main religion of what African kingdom? **** AXUM ___________ What civilization was located near the Limpopo and Zambezi rivers, near the coast of the Indian Ocean? **_** ZIMBABWE __________________
WHI.10 REVIEW # 59
What was Great Zimbabwe? _ CAPITAL CITY OF ZIMBABWE _______________________ On what river were the civilizations of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai located? _ NIGER ____________ What city was a center of trade and learning in West Africa? _ TIMBUKTU __________________ What were the main products of the Trans-Saharan trade? _ GOLD & SALT ________________ What desert is near Ghana, Mali, and Songhai? _ SAHARA _____________________ What is animism? _ BELIEF IN MANY SPIRITS INHABITING NATURE ________________ What religions did many civilizations of West Africa practice? _ ANIMISM & ISLAM __________
WHI.10 REVIEW #6 0
Match the technology to where it came from-- _C Paper Money a. Indian Ocean _C Paper b. India _B Crops to produce sugar c. China _C Compass _A Lateen sail _C Printing
WHI.11 REVIEW # 61
What were the 3 civilizations of the Western Hemisphere? _ AZTECS, MAYANS, & INCAS ________ Where was the Mayan civilization located? _ RAINFORESTS OF MEXICO & CENTRAL AMERICA What was Chichén Itzá? _ IMPORTANT CITY FOR RELIGION & TRADE IN MAYAN EMPIRE ___ Who ruled Mayan city-states? _ KING _________________________________________________
What did the Hundred Years War define for France? _ DEFINED FRANCE AS A NATION ______ Who was Joan of Arc? _ NATIONAL FRENCH HERO WHO HELPED LEAD THE FRENCH TO VICTORY IN THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR _________________________________________ Why was she important? _ SHE SERVED AS A UNIFYING FACTOR _______________ What rulers unified Spain? _ FERDINAND & ISABELLA ____________________________ Who expelled the Muslim Moors from Spain? _ FERDINAND & ISABELLA _______________
WHI.12 REVIEW #6 6
Who expanded the Spanish Empire in the Western Hemisphere? _ PHILLIP II ________________ What ruler of Russia overthrew the Mongols? __ IVAN THE GREAT _____________________ Name 3 achievements of Ivan the Great. _ DEFEATED THE MONGOLS, CENTRALIZED RUSSIA IN MOSCOW, & EXPANDED THE RUSSIAN NATION ________________________ Who held the power in Russia? __ TZAR/CZAR ______________ What religious group influenced the unification of Russia? _ ORTHODOX CHURCH ________________ What was the goal of the Crusades? _ TO REGAIN THE HOLY LAND FROM THE MUSLIMS __ Who took part in the Crusades? CHRISTIAN POLITICAL & RELIGIOUS LEADERS & OTHER CHRISTIANS Pope Urban’s speech began what? _ THE CRUSADES ___________________________
WHI.12 REVIEW # 67
During the First Crusade, what city was captured by the Christians? _ JERUSALEM _______ What did the crusaders establish in the Holy Lands? _ CRUSADER STATES ___________________ What Muslim leader captured Jerusalem? _ SALADIN ____________________________ What city was sacked by western crusaders? _ CONSTANTINOPLE __________________ Name 2 positive effects of the Crusades. _ WEAKENED THE FEUDAL SYSTEM (BY WEAKENING NOBLES) & INCREASED TRADE BETWEEN EUROPE AND THE EAST _________ Name 3 negative effects of the Crusades. _ LEFT LEGACY OF BITTERNESS AMONG JEWS, CHRISTIANS, & MUSLIMS, WEAKENED THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE, & INCREASED SEPARATION BETWEEN EASTERN AND WESTERN CHRISTIANITY _________________________________________________ Name 3 areas invaded by the Mongols. _ RUSSIA, CHINA, & MUSLIM STATES IN SOUTHWEST ASIA What were 2 results of these invasions? _ DESTROYED CITIES AND MONGOL EMPIRE WAS CREATED
WHI.12 REVIEW # 68
Who conquered Constantinople? _ OTTOMAN TURKS _____________________________ When was it conquered? _ 1453 A.D. ____________________________________ What did this conquest end? _ BYZANTINE EMPIRE _____________________________________
What was the capital of the Ottoman Empire? _ ISTANBUL _______________________ What is another name for the Black Death? _ BUBONIC PLAGUE _____________________ When did it strike Europe? _ 14 TH^ CENTURY (1300’s) __________________ What areas were affected by the Black Death? _ ASIA & EUROPE __________________ Name 5 impacts of the Black Death. _ DECLINE IN POPULATION, DISRUPTION OF TRADE , SCARCITY OF LABOR, TOWNS FREED FROM FEUDAL OBLIGATIONS, & DECLINE OF CHURCH INFLUENCE _
WHI.12 REVIEW # 69
Who was educated during the Middle Ages? _ CHURCH SCHOLARS (CLERGY) AND NOBLES __ What was the nobility concerned with during the Middle Ages? _ WEALTH, LAND, & POWER ____ Who was not educated during the Middle Ages? _ MOST EVERYONE (PEASANTS) _________ Where was ancient literature preserved? _ MONASTERIES _____________________ What is a monastery? _ PLACE WHERE MONKS LIVE & WORK ____________________ What works were translated into Latin? _ GREEK & ARABIC WORKS ___________________ What new knowledge did church scholars make available in Europe? PHILOSOPHY, MEDICINE, & SCIENCE What led to the rise of universities in Europe? _ CHURCH SCHOLARS _________________
WHI.13 REVIEW #7 0
What event introduced new products to Europe? _ CRUSADES _______________ What promoted contact between Europe and the Byzantine and Muslim Empires? CRUSADES Why were credit and banking developed? **** BECAUSE OF INCREASED TRADE _____________ Why did Europe need to produce more goods to trade? _ THEY WERE TRADING MORE WITH THE EAST (MIDDLE EAST IN PARTICULAR) What is usury? _ LOANING MONEY AND CHARCHING INTEREST _______________ What 2 things helped secularize northern Italy? _ CHURCH’S RULE AGAINST USURY & THE BANKING PRACTICE OF CHARGING INTEREST ____________________________________________ What does secular mean? __ WORLDLY _____________________ What expanded the supply of money and made trade easier? _ LETTERS OF CREDIT ________
WHI.13 REVIEW #7 1
What new bookkeeping practice was introduced? _ USE OF ARABIC NUMERALS _____________ What was the Renaissance? _ REBIRTH OF CLASSICAL KNOWLEDGE AND ART (1300’s-1600’s) _ What led to the rise of Italian city-states? _ INCREASED WEALTH FROM TRADE ________ Who were the civic leaders of the Italian city-states? _ WEALTHY MERCHANTS _________ Observations in The Prince were based on whom? _ CIVIC LEADERS OF ITALIAN CITY-STATES __ Who wrote The Prince? __ MACHIAVELLI _________________________________
