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SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRACTICE
QUESTIONS GUIDE 20250 - 2026
โ1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I al SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC PRACTICE QUESTIONS GUIDE 20250-2026 . Aphotovoltaic cell or device converts sunlight to - CORRECT ANSWER -DC electrical energy . PV systems operating in parallel with the electric utility system are commonly referred to as . PV systems operating independently of other power systems are commonly referred to as__ . photovoltaic applications for spacecraft, remoted power and portable equipment would be considered what type of systems? - GORRECTANS WER) stand alone - While PV cells produce only ____ power, PV systems can produce ___ power - CORRECT ANSWERLDC, AC, or both . Balance of system components typically include which of the following? - CORRECT ANSWER wiring, conduit, switchgear, and overcurrent protection - Most PV modules produced and installed today are what type of collector? - CORRECT ANSWER Flac place . Concentrating PV arrays use or to focus the suns power on a smaller area - r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L P22 eee eee โ1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I al 9. A primary distinction between PV systems and fossil-fueled power plants or engine generators is that PV systems __- @ORREGIUANSWER! produce free clecticty, conyert a basic form of energy directly to electricity, require no maintenance 10. Compared to conventional power generating equipment, PV systems have relatively ___ life CORRESHANSIVERE 0/1 and require maintenance 11. List three desirable features of PV systems - CORRECTMANSWER)-clean tio emissions, no moving parts, free and renewable fuel source 12. In addition to using a free, renewable fuel source, what are two key environmental benefits of PV systems? - GORRECTANGWER renewable energy, no noise, no pollution off grid 13. List at least chree limitations of PV systems - CORRECT ANSWER. 14. The first markets for PV systems were comprised largely of ___ applications - CORRECT MNGIMRE comprised 15. List two advantages of distributed power generation - CORRECT ANSWER -less transmission and distribution Losses utility back up 16. List che three main components of the electric utility system - CORRECT ANSWER - generation, transmission, and distribution 17. PV systems can be installed by almost anyone with little training - CORRECT ANSWER -false I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L โ1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I al 28. List three atmospheric effects on solar radiation - GORRECTANSWER scattering, reflection, and absorbtion 29. Air mass (AM) is a representation of the - GORRECTANGWER telacive distance of atmosphere that radiation must travel through to reach the earths surface 30. The solar zenith angle is the angle between the __ - CORRECT ANSWER -sun and point in the sky directly overhead 31. list chee factors affecting air mass - CORRECT ANSWER-Time of day, time of year, altitude and latitude 32. What value of air mass is considered representative of average terrestrial conditions in the united states and used as a reference condition for rating modules and arrays CORRECT ANSWER Ao 33. The peak solar irradiance on a surface facing the sun at solar noon at most sea level locations ona clear da, also referred to as "peak sun: is assumed to be CORRECT ANSWER -| 000 wim2 34, What value of solar irradiance is most commonly used to rate the output of PV modules and arrays - SORREGTANSIERE1000 wn 2 35. List four components of the electromagnetic spectrum - GORRECTANSWER amma rays, infrared radiation, microwaves and radio waves 36. what three components of the electromagnetic spectrum are contained in solar radiation? - GORRECTNGWER ultra violet light, visible light, and infrared radiation r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L a | 37. total global solar radiation reaching the earths surface is composed of ___ and ___ radiation - CORRECTANGWER) solar and diffuse 38. Typical flat plate photovoltaic modules utilize which components of solar radiation - GORRECTANGWER direct and diffuse 39. concentrating PV modules utilize which components of solar radiation? - CORRECT ANSWER direct only 40. The orientation of PV arrays is defined by their ____ and ___ angles - CORRECT ANSWER- array tilt, array azimuth 41. to maximize wintertime output, PV arrays are generally tilted at an angle closest to - (CORREGINSWVARE acct +15 42. For any location which of the following surfaces receives the greatest amount of annual solar radiation - CORRECT ANSWER -dual axis tracking 43. In general, PV arrays at higher latitudes are tilted at ____ tilt angles chan those at lower latitudes to maximize solar energy gain - GORREGMANSWER-high 44. Global irradiance is measured with a - GORRECTANSWER pyranometer 45. What instrument is used to measure direct beam solar irradiance? - CORRECT ANSWER - pytheliometer 46. a shadow band pyranometer measures what? - GORRECTNGWER diffuse radiation bua ee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee eee eee eee Ds ce eee ee ee es a | Ds ce eee ee ee es 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. List three methods for evaluating potential shading from tall obstructions near a proposed PV array installation - SQRREGIANSWER! Solar pach Ender, profile angle method, photograph method what is the principal purpose for using a sun path calculator during a site survey? - CORRECT AINSWERYto determine the extent of shading โWhat cype of PV system is intended co operate in parallel with the electric utility system? - interactive A PV system using multiple power sources (in addition to a PV array) is called a system - CORRECT ANSWER hy A___ PV system operates autonomously and supplies power to electrical loads independent of the utility grid - GORRECTANSWER stand alone The size and cost of any stand alone PV systems is directly related to what two factors? - solar energy resource What are features of direct coupled PV systems - CORRECT ANSWER -They use no charge control, They use no electrical energy storage, they use no inverter PV systems that use batteries without charge control are referred to as systems - CORREGIANSIARE gusting bua ee ee ee ee eee ee ee ee ee eee eee eee โ1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I al 61. An interactive PV system employing AC modules does not require __ - CORRECT ANSWER -field installed DC wiring 62. Which of the following components are used in all PV systems - CORRECT ANSWER -PV array 63. Equipment other than major components in a PV system are referred to as components - GORRECTANSWER balance of system 64. Which of the following components are considered power conditioning equipment? - CORRECTANGIER inverts, converters and controllers, battery chargers and rectifiers, maximum power poinc trackers 65.A switch is used to disconnect an electrical system from a primary source of power and connect it to a backup source - CORRECT ANSWER. transfer 66. Inverters are used in PV systems to conver power to power CORRECT ANSWER - DC to AC 67. Most interactive inverters use a as the input power source, while stand alone inverters use a as the input power source - CORRECT ANSWER -PV array, Battery 68. Multimodal inverters operate normally in____ mode, and in the event of grid failure switch to operation in mode - GORRECTANSWER interactive, stand alone 69. A charge controller protects a better from over charge by regulating the ____ and ____ delivered to the battery from a PV array - GORRECTANSWERE current and voltage r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L โ1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I al 78. A semiconductor material generally exhibits properties of ___- CORRECT ANSWER -A conductors or and insulator 79. A p-type semiconductor material has an excess of - GORRECTANGWER electron voids 80. what element is typically added to silicon in small amounts to produce a p-type semiconductor maces? - SORRESHANSIIERE 1c 81. What process is typically used for applying n-type semiconductor material to a p-type silicon wafer? - CORRECT ANSWER -gas diffusion 82. List the two steps in the manufacturing of silicon solar cells that reduce reflected sunlight and improve cell efficiency - GORRECTENSWER tching wafers, 83. anti reflective surface coating 84. The electrical contacts on the top surface of a silicon solar cell are typically what polarity? - 85. What factors determine the operating point on any given I-V curve? - CORRECT ANSWER - electrical load 86. What happens when an illuminated solar cell is short circuited? - CORRECT ANSWER - voltage and power are zero 87. What primary effect does increasing solar irradiance have on che electrical output of a solar cell? - CORRECT ANSWER +the current increases proportional to irradiance 88. What effect does increasing operating temperature have on a typical silicon solar cell output? - CORRECT ANSWER -the voltage decreases and current increases slightly r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L โ1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I al 89. the load resistance required to operate a PV module at its open circuit voltage is - 90. What is the smallest field installable unit in a photovoltaic system? - CORRECT ANSWER -PV module 91. Typically PV modules are connected in to achieve a desired voltage output, then connected in to build power oucput - CORRECT ANSWER ~seties and parallel 92. the function of bypass diodes are to protect cells in PV modules from ___- CORRECT 93. inverters used in PV systems are - CORRECT ANSWER -static and solid state CORRECHANSWERE DC co Ac 94, an inverter is a device chat changes to power 95. Only inverters and AC modules ___ and as ___ shall be permitted in grid tied PV systems - GORRECTANS WERE listed, identified, interactive (705.6) 96. Voltage source stand alone inverters use a as the DC power source, while current source interactive inverters use a as the DC power source - GORRECTENSWER baccery, py array 97. What ancillary function is often provided with stand alone inverters to utilize an independent AC energy source - GORRECTANGWER battery charger r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L โ1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I al 106. Practically sized stand alone inverters must be sized to meet the ___ connected and anticipated future loads - CORRICTANSWER tora! 107. Inverters that may be classified as utility interactive - GORRECTANSWER string, central, utilicy, multimode, module-tlevel 108. string inverters have ac power output rating from to - CORRECT ANSWER - 1, 12 kW 109. Central inverters are large phase utility interactive inverters with ac power ratings that range from about 30-500kW - CORRECT ANSWER -three 110. Module level inverters are small utility interactive inverts or adjacent to individual PV modules - GORRECTEANGWER in tegrated weih Wi. AC modules are module level inverters that are factory integrated with PV___- (CORREGIANSWERE AC sods r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I L 
