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Solar System, Exams of Construction

University of California - Los Angeles (UCLA)Construction

B) the Sun in circular orbits. C) Earth in slightly elliptical orbits. D) Earth in circular orbits. 9. The modern heliocentric model of planetary motion states ...

Typology: Exams

2022/2023

Uploaded on 02/28/2023

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Solar System
1.The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented
by the letter X?
A)EarthB)SunC)MoonD)Polaris
A)the MoonB)the SunC)VenusD)Polaris
2.Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth-centered (geocentric) and Sun-centered
(heliocentric) models of our solar system?
A)heliocentric modelB)tetrahedral model
C)concentric modelD)geocentric model
3.In which type of model are the Sun, other stars, and the Moon in orbit around the Earth?
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Solar System

  1. The diagram below represents a simple geocentric model. Which object is represented by the letter X? A) Earth B) Sun C) Moon D) Polaris A) the Moon B) the Sun C) Venus D) Polaris
  2. Which object orbits Earth in both the Earth-centered (geocentric) and Sun-centered (heliocentric) models of our solar system? A) heliocentric model B) tetrahedral model C) concentric model D) geocentric model
  3. In which type of model are the Sun, other stars, and the Moon in orbit around the Earth?
  1. The diagram below shows one model of a portion of the universe. A) a heliocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit Earth B) a heliocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit the Sun C) a geocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit Earth D) a geocentric model, in which celestial objects orbit the Sun What type of model does the diagram best demonstrate? A) B) C) D)
  2. Which diagram represents a geocentric model? [Key: E = Earth, P = Planet, S = Sun]
  1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents an exaggerated view of Earth revolving around the Sun. Letters A, B, C, and D represent Earth's location in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons. A) Stars seen from Earth appear to circle Polaris. B) Earth's planetary winds are deflected by the Coriolis effect. C) The change from high ocean tide to low ocean tide is a repeating pattern. D) Different star constellations are seen from Earth at different times of the year. Which observation provides the best evidence that Earth revolves around the Sun? A) B) C) D)
  2. Which diagram best represents a portion of the heliocentric model of the solar system? [ S = Sun, E = Earth, and M = Moon] A) The Sun follows an apparent daily path, rising in the east and setting in the west. B) A Foucault pendulum appears to shift its direction of swing in a predictable manner. C) The stars appear to follow circular paths around the North Star ( Polaris ). D) The seasons of spring, summer, fall, and winter repeat in a pattern.
  3. Which statement provides the best evidence that Earth revolves around the Sun?
  1. The diagram below represents our solar system. A) geocentric, with elliptical orbits B) geocentric, with circular orbits C) heliocentric, with elliptical orbits D) heliocentric, with circular orbits This system is best classified as A) The geocentric model no longer predicted the positions of the constellations. B) The geocentric model did not predict the phases of the Moon. C) The heliocentric model provided a simpler explanation of the motions of the planets. D) The heliocentric model proved that the Earth rotates.
  2. For what reason did the heliocentric model of the universe replace the geocentric model of the universe?
  3. Which diagram best represents the motions of celestial objects in a heliocentric model? A) B) C) D)
  1. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which shows positions of the Moon in its orbit and phases of the Moon as viewed from New York State. A) 0.017 B) 0.055 C) 0.386 D) 0. What is the eccentricity of the Moon’s orbit?
  1. The bar graph below shows one planetary characteristic, identified as X , plotted for the planets of our solar system. A) mass B) density C) eccentricity of orbit D) period of rotation Which characteristic of the planets in our solar system is represented by X? A) Venus B) Earth C) Mars D) Jupiter
  2. Which planet has the least distance between the two foci of its elliptical orbit? A) B) C) D)
  3. Which bar graph correctly shows the orbital eccentricity of the planets in our solar system?

A) Earth B) Jupiter C) Pluto D) Saturn

  1. Which planet has an orbit with an eccentricity most similar to the eccentricity of the Moon’s orbit around Earth? A) the Sun B) Betelgeuse C) Earth D) Jupiter
  2. Which object is located at one foci of the elliptical orbit of Mars? A) Moon is rotating B) Moon’s orbit is elliptical C) atmospheric transparency of the Moon changes D) distance between the Moon and the Sun changes
  3. An observer on Earth determines that the apparent diameter of the Moon as viewed from Earth varies in a cyclic manner. The best explanation for this observation is that the A) elliptical and very elongated B) parabolic C) nearly circular D) perfectly circular
  4. The shape of the orbits of most of the planets in the solar system would best be described as A) A Foucault pendulum shows predictable changes in its direction of swing. B) The apparent diameter of the Sun shows predictable changes in size. C) The length of daylight at the poles changes from 0 to 24 hours during the year. D) Summer occurs in the Northern Hemisphere at the same time that winter occurs in the Southern Hemisphere.
  5. Which observation is a direct result of changes in distance between Earth and the Sun?
  1. The constructed ellipse below is a true scale model of the orbit of a planet in our solar system. This ellipse best represents the orbit of the planet A) Neptune B) Jupiter C) Pluto D) Mars
  2. The diagram below represents a student's constructed laboratory drawing. A) shape of Earth's Moon B) shape of an elliptical orbit C) path of an earthquake wave D) path of a projectile deflected by Earth's rotation The student's drawing best represents the
  1. Base your answer to the following question on Base your answer to the question below on the diagram below. The diagram represents the path of a planet orbiting a star. Points A, B , C, and D indicate four orbital positions of the planet. A) A B) B C) C D) D When viewed by an observer on the planet, the star has the largest apparent diameter at position A) They have the same period of revolution. B) They are perfect spheres. C) They exert the same gravitational force on each other. D) They have elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus.
  2. In what way are the planets Mars, Mercury, and Earth similar? A) a very eccentric ellipse B) a slightly eccentric ellipse C) an oblate spheroid D) a perfect circle
  3. The actual shape of the Earth's orbit around the Sun is best described as A) circular, with the planet at the center B) circular, with the Sun at the center C) elliptical, with the planet at one of the foci D) elliptical, with the Sun at one of the foci
  4. In our solar system, the orbits of the planets are best described as A) rotation rate B) mass C) insolation from the Sun D) distance from the Sun
  5. The period of time a planet takes to make one revolution around the Sun is most dependent on the planet's average

A) decrease B) increase C) remain the same

  1. When the distance between the foci of an ellipse is increased, the eccentricity of the ellipse will
  2. The diagram below represents the elliptical orbit of the Earth around the Sun. A) eccentricity =299,000,000 km 5,000,000 km B) eccentricity = 5,000,000 km 299,000,000 km C) eccentricity = 299,000,000 km - 5,000,000 km D) eccentricity = 5,000,000 km 299,000,000 km - 5,000,000 km Which equation should be used to find the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit?

A) less than 40 days B) greater than 40 days C) 40 days

  1. The diagram below shows the orbits of planets A and B in a star-planet system. The period of revolution for planet B is 40 days. The period of revolution for planet A most likely is A) A B) B C) C D) D
  2. The diagram below shows a planet's orbit around the Sun. At which location is the planet's orbital velocity greatest?
  1. The symbols below represent star masses and distances. A) B) C) D) Which diagram shows two stars that have the greatest gravitational force between them? A) Gravitational pull would decrease and period of revolution would increase. B) Gravitational pull would decrease and period of revolution would decrease. C) Gravitational pull would increase and period of revolution would increase. D) Gravitational pull would increase and period of revolution would decrease.
  2. If the average distance between Earth and the Sun were doubled, what changes would occur in the Sun's gravitational pull on Earth and Earth's period of revolution? A) degree of tilt of the planet’s axis B) distance between the planet and the Sun C) planet’s period of rotation D) amount of insolation given off by the Sun
  3. One factor responsible for the strength of gravitational attraction between a planet and the Sun is the A) Earth’s axis is tilted at 23.5°. B) Earth’s rotational speed varies with the seasons. C) The Moon has an elliptical orbit. D) The Moon has a spherical shape.
  4. What is the main reason that the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon changes each day?

A) B)

C) D)

  1. In each diagram below, the mass of the star is the same. In which diagram is the force of gravity greatest between the star and the planet shown?

A)

B)

C)

D)

  1. Which graph best represents the force of gravity between Earth and the Sun during one revolution of Earth around the Sun?