SOLOTION CHAPTER FROM INORGANIC, Slides of Chemistry

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When two or more chemically non-reacting substances are mixed together forming homogeneous mixture, the mixture is called solution.

Introduction

For binary solution: Solution = solute + solvent

Present in greater amount

Present in lesser amount

Classification of Solution

Concentration Terms

(ii) Mass by volume % (w/V)

It is the mass of solute dissolved in 100 mL of the solution.

Concentration Terms

(iii) Mole Fraction

It is the ratio of number of moles of a particular component to the total number of moles of the solution.

Concentration Terms

(v) Molality

Molality (m) It is defined as the number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of solvent.

Concentration Terms

(vi) Normality Normality (N) is defined as the no. of gram equivalents of the solute present per litre of the solution.

Normality (^) = No. of g equivalent of solute Vol. of solution in litres

No. of gram equivalents of solute are calculated as follows:

No. of gram equivalents

=^ Weight of solute in g Equivalent weight of solute

Concentration Terms

(viii) Part Per Million (ppm)

62) 138 g of ethyl alcohol is mixed with 72 g of water. The ratio

of mole fraction of alcohol to water is

3 : 4

1 : 4

1 : 2

Solubility of Solid in Liquid

Polar solids in polar solvents

Salt Water

Non-Polar solids in Non-polar solvents

Wax Benzene

Solubility of Solid in Liquid

Effect of temperature

● If dissolution is endothermic

↑T = ↑Solubility

● If dissolution is exothermic

↑T = ↓Solubility

Effect of Pressure

● No significant effect on

Solids as solids are highly

incompressible.