Download Chemistry Solutions: Formulas & Concepts - Mass %, Volume %, Mole Fraction, Molarity and more Exercises Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity!
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Class XII
Chemistry
Ch. 2: Solutions
Important formulae & Concepts
- Mass percentage of a component (w/w)
Mass of component in solution 100 Toal mass of solution
×
Volume percentage of a component (v/v)
Volume of the component = 100 Total volume of solution
×
- Mole fraction of a component (x) =
Number of moles of the component
Total number of moles of all components
Number of parts of component 6 Parts per million 10 Total number of parts of all components of solution
= ×
Number of moles of solute Molarity Volume of solution in litres
Number of moles of solute Molality Mass of solvent in kilograms
Number of gram equivalent of solute Normality Volume of solution in litres
o 1 1 o^2 1
p p x p
0 T T b Tb
b 2 b 2 1
K 1000 w T M ×w
× ×
0 ∆ T = T f −Tf
f 2 f 2 1
K 1000 w T M ×w
× ×
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11.π = CRT
2 2
w RT M =
πV
Normal molar mass i Abnormal molar mass
Observedcolligative property
Calculatedcolligative property
Totalnumber of moles of particles after association/dissociation
Totalnumber of moles of particlesbefore associati
on/dissociation
- Inclusion of van’t Hoff factor modified the equations for colligative
properties as:
−
o 1 1 2 o 1 1
n . n
p p i p
× × ∆ =
b 2 b 2 1
K 1000 w T. M ×w
i
× ×
f 2 f 2 1
K 1000 w T. M ×w
i
n RT 2 . V
i
- According to Raoult’s law for a solution of volatile liquids the partial
vapour pressure of each component in the solution is directly proportional
to its mole fraction.
p 1 = p
o 1 x 1 ;^ p 2 = p
o 2 x 2 Using Dalton’s law of partial pressures the total pressure of solution is
calculated. o o o p total =p 1 +(p 2 -p 1 ) x 2
