Download Solutions NAPSR exam (Spring Revised Attempt) and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity!
Solutions NAPSR exam (Spring 202 5 Revised Attempt)
Pharmaceuticals are arguably the most socially important healthcare product - answers>true Pharmaceutical deveoplment is a big-risk undertaking, in which many promising leads prove disappointing - answers>true Pharmaceutical sales are highest in which geographical regions - answers>The U.S., Western Europe, and Japan The U.S. accounts for about ____ of the world's pharmaceutical revenues - answers>50% Which off the following has fueled recent growth in the pharmaceutical industry - answers>population growth and increased life expectancies According to your manual, which statement accurately describes the predicted relationship between pharmaceutical companies and genomic research facilities - answers>partnerships between pharmaceuitcal companies and genomic companies will not prove immediately profitable prescription drug therapy is not cost-effective for insurance companies and healthcare providers - answers>false the high price of healthcare is explained by the high price of medicines - answers>false
one of the oldest and least efffective pharmaceutical marjeting techniques is DTC (direct-to-consumer) advertising - answers>false what influences the number of districts in a region - answers>the region's population what is an example of the regionalization off healthcare delivery systems - answers>California and Florida have difffernet perscription reimbursment policies the heart of pharmaceutical sales is the regional manager - answers>false most DMs did not start as representatives - answers>false how many territories are in a typical district - answers>8 to 12 what is the most effective method for grabbing market share - answers>comparative selling pharmaceutical reps mainly visit pharmacies - answers>false it usually only takes 1-2 calls to a physician before he or she commits to prescribing your product - answers>false the pharmacist may dispense a product other than what the physician prescribed - answers>true
In its broadest definition, a drug is any substance that produces a physical or psychological change in the body - answers>true how does the federal food, drug and cosmetic act (FFDCA) define a drug - answers>any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention off disease, or a substance other than food intended to affect the structure or function of the body which statement about vitamins is correct - answers>most of the bodys required vitamins must be taken in from outside the body ADME testing measures the rate at which the body absorbs the drug, distributes it to the organs necessary to produce the desired effect, metabolizes it into waste material and then excretes it from the body. - answers>true ADME testing is primarily used in what field - answers>Pharmacokinetics which statement about placebos is correct - answers>Placebo effects can lead to withdrawal symptoms. on average, only about 5 off 4,000 drugs studied in the labratory are eventually studied in people - answers>true which statement is true about drugs taken sublingually - answers>sublingual drugs are absorbed directly and almost immediately into the bloodstream
what qeare qe 3 qeoff qethe qe 7 qerights qeof qedrug qeadministration qe- qeanswers>the qeright qepatient, qerigt qedrug, qeand qeright qedose pro-drugs qeare qeadministered qein qean qeactive qeform, qewhich qeis qemetabolized qeinto qean qeinactive qeform qe- qeanswers>false the qekidney qeof qean qe 85 - year-old qepersion qeexcretes qedrugs qeonly qe____ qeas qeefficiently qeas qethat qeof qea qe 35 - year-old qeperson qe- qeanswers>around qe50% the qenormal qeage-related qedecrease qein qekidney qefunction qecem qehelp qedoctors qedetermine qean qeappropiate qedosage qebased qesoley qeon qea qeperson's qeage qe- qeanswers>true what qedifferentiates qea qecaplet qefrom qea qetablet qe- qeanswers>caplets qeare qeshaped qelike qecapsules qeand qehave qefilm qecoatings qeto qeaid qein qescallowing what qewill qeyou qefind qethe qelegend qe"Caution: qefederal qelaw qeprohibits qedispensing qewihtout qea qeprescription qe- qeanswers>on qethe qelabel qeof qeall qeprescription qedrugs what qehappens qeto qeslow qeacetylators qe- qeanswers>Drugs qethat qeare qemetabolized qeby qeN- acetyl qetransferase qetend qeto qereach qehigher qeblood qelevels qeand qeremain qein qethe qebody qelonger. About qe___ qeof qethe qepeople qein qethe qeU.S. qeare qe"slow qeacetylators" qe- qeanswers>50% which qeof qethe qefollowing qestatements qeabout qedrug-drug qeinteractions qeis qeincorrect qe- qeanswers>drug-drug qeinteractions qeare qealways qeharmful
drugs' qetrade qenames qeare qeoften qeunrelated qeto qetheir qeintended qeuse qe- qeanswers>true Like qefoods qeand qehousehold qeproducts, qegeneric qedrugs qeare qeusually qelower qequality qethan qethe qebrand qename qedrugs qefor qewhich qethey qeare qemarketed qeas qeequivalents. qe- qeanswers>false Legally, qebioequivalence qeof qedifferent qeversions qeof qea qedrug qecan qevary qeby qeup qeto qe________. qe- qeanswers>20% which qeof qethe qefollowing qestatements qeabout qebiologics qeis qeincorrect qe- qeanswers>they qedo qenot qecause qeimmune qeresponse "large qemolecules" qeproducts qeare qedeveloped qeand qemanuffactured qeby qea qechemical qeprocess qe- qeanswers>false what qeare qedrugs qethat qeattract qeor qebind qeto qecell qereceptors qein qeorder qeto qemimic qeor qeenhance qeactivities qeby qeendogenous qechemical qemessengers qe- qeanswers>agonists Which qeterm qedenotes qehow qean qeAPI qeworks qein qethe qebody? qe- qeanswers>mechanism qeof qeaction What qecements qethe qeactive qeand qeinert qecomponents qetogether qeto qemaintain qecohesive qeportions? qe- qeanswers>binders what qedoes qethe qemedical qeabbreviation qe"BID" qedenote qe- qeanswers>twice qea qeday what qeis qethe qemedical qeabbreviation qefor qe"as qeneeded" qe- qeanswers>PRN
what qecomponents qemight qecause qepatients' qedifferent qereactions qeto qebrand qename qeand qegeneric qedrugs qe- qeanswers>differences qein qeinactive qeingredients all qecells qehave qea qenucleus qe- qeanswers>false which qeof qethe qefollowing qedoes qenot qeaffect qedrig qeresponse qe- qeanswers>the qepatients' qegenetic qemakeup, qeage, qebody qesize, qeand qeuse qeof qeother qedrugs qeand qedietary qesupplements, qethe qepatient's qeother qeconditions qeor qediseases, qewhether qeor qenot qethe qepatient qetakes qethe qedrug qeproperly drug qereactions qeare qepredictable qebecasue qethey qedo qenot qeoccur qeafter qea qeperson qehas qebeen qepreviously qeexposed qeto qethe qedrug qeone qeor qemore qetimes qewithout qeany qeallergic qereactions qe- qeanswers>false what qeis qethe qetypical qerelationship qebetween qea qedrug's qesite qeof qeadministration qeand qesite qeof qeaction qe- qeanswers>they qeare qeusually qesomewhat qeremoved qefrom qeeach qeother what qeis qeCMAX qe- qeanswers>Peak qeplasma qeconcentration qeon qea qemeasuring qecurve which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qenot qea qemain qeconcept qein qeclinical qepharmacology qe- qeanswers>pharmacoprocesses which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qenot qea qeroute qeof qedrug qeadministration qe- qeanswers>transfugal How qeare qeintradermal qedrugs qedelivered? qe- qeanswers>by qeinjection qeunder qethe qeskin
Prescriptions qedispensed qeby qemail-order qepharmacies qeare, qeon qeaverage, qearound qe____________ qethan qethose qedispensed qeby qeretail qepharmacies. qe- qeanswers> 3 qetimes qelarger which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qenot qea qetype qeof qenon-stock qesale qe- qeanswers>brokerage qesales, qedock-to-dock qesales, qedrop qeshipments what qeis qeanother qeterm qefor qerebates qe- qeanswers>after-market qearrangements the qePDMA qeis qethe qepresciption qedrug qemanufacturers qeassociation qe- qeanswers>false a qecompany qethat qeowns qeand qeoperates qethree qeor qefewer qepharmacies qeis qean qe- qeanswers>independent qedrug qestore which qesection qeof qea qedrug's qepackage qeinsert qeinfformation qecovers qethe qeusual qedosage qerange qe- qeanswers>indications qeand qeusage Drug qelabels qemust qeinclude qeindications qeand qeusage qeinformation, qeas qewell qeas qecontraindications. qe- qeanswers>true what qeshould qebe qeincluded qein qethe qe"description" qesection qeoff qea qedrug's qepackage qeinsert qeinformation qe- qeanswers>the qedrug's qeproprietary qename qeand qethe qeestablished qename Exclusivity qegives qeexclusive qe_____, qeis qegranted qeby qethe qeFDA, qeand qecan qerun qeconcurrently qewith qea qepatent qeor qenot. qe- qeanswers>marketing qerights
what qedifferentiates qeexclusivity qefrom qea qepatent qe- qeanswers>Exclusivity qeis qeonly qegranted qeupon qethe qedrug's qeFDA qeapproval. what qeis qerequired qeof qean qeinvention qefor qeit qeto qebe qeworthy qeof qepatent qeprotection qe- qeanswers>it qemust qebe qenovel, qeuseful, qeand qenot qeobvious a qegeneric qedrug qeis qe___ qeto qethe qeoriginator qebrand-name qedrug qein qedosage, qestrength, qesafety, qeand qequality qe- qeanswers>bioequivalent which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qenot qerequired qeby qethe qeFDA's qeCriteria qefor qeEquivalency qe- qeanswers>the qedrugs qecontain qeidentical qeamounts qeoff qethe qesame qeinactive qeingredients A qegeneric qedrug qeis qe____ qeto qethe qeoriginatory qebrand-name qedrug qein qedosage, qestrength, qesafety, qeand qequality qe- qeanswers>bioequivalent what qelist qeis qegenerally qeconsidered qethe qemost qereliable qesource qeof qeinformation qeon qetherapeutically qeequivalent qedrug qeproducts qe- qeanswers>"approved qedrug qeproducts qewith qetherapeutic qeequivalence" which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qean qeOrange qeBook qerating qe- qeanswers>AA what qeis qethe qeterm qefor qechemical qeequivalents qewhich, qewhen qeadministered qein qethe qesame qeamounts, qewill qeprovide qethe qesame qebiological qeor qephysiological qeavailability qeas qemeasured qeby qeblood qeand qeurine qelevels qe- qeanswers>biological qeequivalents what qeterm qedenotes qea qedrug qethat qeis qeidentical qeor qebioequivalent qeto qethe qeoriginator qebrand-name qedrug qein qedosage qeform, qesafety, qestrength, qeroute, qequality, qeperformance, qecharacteristics, qeand qeintended qeuse qe- qeanswers>generic
the qefederal qegovernment qedoes qenot qeregulate qethe qedrug qesampling qefor qea qepharmaceutical qerepresentative qe- qeanswers>false which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qepermitted qeby qeSection qe 503 qeof qethe qefederal qefood, qedrug qeand qecosmetic qeact qe- qeanswers>cannot qedonate qeor qesell qeprescribtion qedrug qesamples which qeentity qeissues qemonographs qethat qedefine qehow qedrugs qeshould qebe qestored, qeand qewhat qevariance qeis qeallowed qein qetheir qestated qecontents qe- qeanswers>United qeStates qePharmacopoeial qeConvention Storage qeconditions qefor qedrug qeproducts qeare qebased qeon qeinformation qesupplied qeby qethe qemanufacturer qe- qeanswers>true medications qeare qeusually qeunaffected qeby qechanges qein qetemperature, qelight, qehumidity, qeand qeother qeenvironmental qefactors qe- qeanswers>false In qewhich qecases qecan qedegraded qedrugs qeSOMETIMES qestill qebe qeused? qe- qeanswers>when qethe qeamount qeoff qeremaining qedrug qehas qenot qefallen qelower qethan qe 85 - 90% qeof qethat qestated qeon qethe qelabel Drug qerecalls qeare qealmost qealways qenegotiated qewith qethe qeFDA qebeforehand. qe- qeanswers>true Which qeproblem qewould qeNOT qebe qeimproved qeby qeelectronic qeprescribing qesystems? qe- qeanswers>none: qepatients qe"doctor-shopping" qefor qecontrolled qesubstances, qepharmacists qemisreading qeprescriptions, qephysicians qewasting qetime qecalling qepharmacies
what qeshould qeyou qedo qeif qeyou qerecieve qea qeshipment qefrom qeyour qeemployer qeand qeyou qenotice qethat qethere qeare qetwice qeas qemany qesamples qeas qewhat qeis qeposted qeon qethe qepacking qeslip qe- qeanswers>call qeyour qesales qemanager qeto qeinform qehim/ qeher qeof qethe qemistake qeand qeask qefor qeinstructions qeposted qeon qethe qepacking qeslip which qearea qeof qedrugs qeR&D qehas qeseen qethe qelargest qecost qeincreases qe- qeanswers>clinical qetrials on qeaverage, qehow qelong qedoes qeit qetake qefor qea qenew qedrug qeto qebe qedeveloped qe(I.e., qefrom qethe qediscovery qeof qethe qeinitial qecompound qeto qeFDA qeapproval) qe- qeanswers> 10 - 15 qeyears which qeof qethe qefollowing qeregulatory qeagencies qeis qeindustry- qebased qe(I.c., qerun qemainly qeby qethe qecompanies qethemselves) qe- qeanswers>Pharmaceutical qeresearch qeand qemanufactures qeof qeamerica qe(PhRMA) which qeof qethe qefollowing qefactors qehas qesimplified qethe qepharmaceutical qeR&D qeprocess qe- qeanswers>none: qean qeintensive qeregulatory qeprocess, qegrowing qedemand qein qethe qemedical qecommunity qefor qemore qecomplex qedata qeabout qepharmaceuticals, qeand qethe qeincreasing qenumber qeof qeprecedures qein qePhase qeIII qetrials the qelandmark qeFDA qeModernization qeAct qeof qe 1997 qewas qea qemajor qestep qeforward qein qeenabling qesafe qeand qeeffective qenew qedrugs qeand qebiologics qeto qebe qemade qeavailable qesooner qeto qepatients qe- qeanswers>true according qeto qeyour qemanual, qewhich qetype qeof qesystem qeis qethe qebest qewat qeto qedeliever qehealthcare qe- qeanswers>a qemarket-based qesystem how qewould qeincreased qepharmaceutical qeprice qecontrols qeaffect qethe qeU.S. qehealthcare qesystem qe- qeanswers>increased qeprice qecontrols qewould qestifle qeinnovation
Through qewhich qebarriers qecan qelipid-soluble qedrugs qeusually qepass? qe- qeanswers>cell qemembranes How qeare qeweak qeacid qedrugs qegenerally qeabsorbed qeby qethe qestomach? qe- qeanswers>more qequickly qethan qeweak qebasic qedrugs which qeof qethe qefollowing qeroutes qeof qeadministration qedo qeno qecompletely qebypass qethe qeliver qe- qeanswers>rectal qeadministration Why qeare qeintravenous qedrug qedosages qeeasier qeto qecontrol qethan qedrugs qeadministered qetransdermally? qe- qeanswers>the qeentire qedose qeis qeavailable qein qethe qebloodstream qeto qebe qedistributed qeto qethe qetarget qesite which qeof qethe qefollowing qedoes qenot qeaffect qea qedrug's qedistribution qeto qeits qetarget qetissues qe- qeanswers>the qedrug's qelipid-solubility, qethe qedrug's qepolarity, qethe qevascular qenature qeof qethe qedrug's qetarget qetissue- qeall qethese qefacots qeaffect qea qedrug's qedistribution qeto qeits qetarget qetissues which qeof qethese qemedical qeterms qemeans qe"to qeapply qethe qedrug qeon qethe qeskin qesurface" qe- qeanswers>transdermal Carcinogenicity qestudies qeare qecarried qeout qeto qeidentify qethe qetumor-causing qepotential qeof qea qedrug. qe- qeanswers>true According qeto qeNIH qeethical qeguidelines, qewhich qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qethe qemost qeimportant qecriteria qein qeselecting qesubjects qefor qeclinical qestudies? qe- qeanswers>scientific qeobjectives
which qestatement qeabout qethe qeIRB qein qeincorrect qe- qeanswers>the qemembers qeof qethe qeIRB/IEC qemust qebe qeexperts qein qethe qetopic qeof qestudy Which qephases qeof qeclinical qestudies qeare qeopen qelabel qeand qewhich qeare qeblinded? qe- qeanswers>phase qeI qeand qeIV qetrials qeare qeoften qeopen qelabel, qebut qephase qeII qeand qeIII qeare qedouble qeblinded qeor qeat qeleast qeblinded If qeit qeis qenot qepossible qeto qemeasure qethe qedirect qeeffects qeof qea qedrug, qewhat qeis qeused qeinstead? qe- qeanswers>surrogate qemarkers qesuch qeas qeblood qepressure qeand qecholesterol qelevels which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qean qeobservational qestudy qethat qefirst qeidentifies qea qegroup qeof qesubject qewith qea qecertain qedisease qeand qea qecontrol qegroup qewithout qethe qedisease, qeand qethen qelooks qeto qeback qein qetime qe(e.g. qevia qechart qereviews) qeto qefind qeexposure qeto qerisk qefactors qe- qeanswers>case-control qestudy which qemeasure qeof qecentral qetendency qeis qethe qesum qeof qeall qeobservations qedivided qeby qethe qenumber qeof qeobservations qe- qeanswers>mean which qemeasurement qedescribes qethe qenumber qeof qenew qeevents qethat qeoccur qeduring qea qespecified qeperiod qeof qetime qein qea qepopulation qeat qerisk qefor qethe qeevent qe(e.g. qelung qeinfections qeper qeyear) qe- qeanswers>incidence which qeof qethe qefollowing qemeasures qeis qeused qeto qedescribe qethe qevariability qeof qethe qepopulaton qemean qe- qeanswers>standard qeerror qeof qethe qemean
what qeis qethe qeestimated qeannual qedeath qetoll qefor qemalaria qe- qeanswers>1.5 qeto qe3. qemillion qepeople there qeare qemore qewhite qeblood qecells qethan qered qeblood qecells qefor qethe qesame qevolume qein qethe qehuman qebody qe- qeanswers>fasle how qewas qeinsulin qeprimarily qeobtaines qefrom qethe qe1930's qeto qethe qe1980's qe- qeanswers>porcine qeand qebovine qeextracts which qeof qethe qefollowing qeare qenot qetypes qeof qecytokines qe- qeanswers>interferons, qeinterleukins, qeand qemonokines which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qenot qea qetype qeof qehormone qe- qeanswers>blood qeglucose which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qea qebasic qegene qetherapy qetechnique qe- qeanswers>in qevitro, qein qewhihc qepatients' qegenetically qefaulted qetissues qeare qeremoved, qeloaded qewith qenormal qegenes qein qevectors, qeand qereturned qeto qethe qepatients' qebodies which qestatements qeabout qestem qecells qeis qecorrect qe- qeanswers>pluripotent qestem qecells qecan qedevelop qeinto qemany qecell qetypes, qebut qenot qea qenew qeindividual Leukemia qeis qea qecondition qein qewhich qethe qebone qemarrow qeis qeunable qeto qeproduce qefunctional qewhite qeblood qecells qeto qefight qeinfection. qe- qeanswers>true which qeof qethe qefollowing qeare qetypes qeof qevectors qeused qein qegene qetherapy qe- qeanswers>retroviruses
which qeof qethe qefollowing qeis qenot qea qetype qeof qestem qecell qe- qeanswers>semipotent Traditional qevaccines qeare qeprepared qein qea qenumber qeof qeways. qeWhat qeway qeis qeNOT qeone qeof qethem? qe- qeanswers>insulin Effective qedrug qetherapy qeis qea qecost-effective qeand qehighly qevaluable qemeans qeof qecontrolling qetotal qehealthcare qeexpenditures qeand qeimproving qequality qeof qelife. qe- qeanswers>true Drug qeUtilization qeReview qe(DUR) qeprograms qe- qeanswers>have qetraditionally qebeen qeused qeto qeensure qethe qeappropriate, qesafe, qeand qeeffective qeuse qeof qeprescription qedrugs, qebut qeare qeincreasingly qeshifting qetheir qefocus qeto qeminimizing qecosts. DUR qeprograms qeinvolve qeretrospective qemonitoring qeof qephysicians' qeprescribing qepatterns. qe- qeanswers>true A qeformulary qeis qea qelist qeof qeprescription qedrugs qeapproved qeby qeinsurance qecoverage. qe- qeanswers>true The qehistory qeof qedrug qeformularies qein qethe qeU.S. qeextends qeback qeto... qe- qeanswers>the qeamerican qerevolution which qeof qethese qeis qenot qea qetype qeof qeformulary qe- qeanswers>All qeof qethese qeare qetypes qeof qeformularies: a qeclosed qethree-tier qeformulary qein qewhich qegeneric qedrugs qeare qelisted qeon qeTier qe 1 qe a qefive-tier qeformulary qethat qeis qesupplemented qeby qea qestep qetherapy qeprogram qe
