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Understanding the Cell Cycle and Mitosis: From Interphase to Telophase, Study notes of Biology

Biology

An in-depth explanation of the cell cycle, focusing on the stages of interphase and cell division, including g1, s, and g2 phases, as well as prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Learn about the role of chromatin, chromosomes, and the centromere in the process of mitosis, which results in the formation of two identical daughter cells.

Typology: Study notes

2020/2021

Uploaded on 09/16/2021

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Somatic cell/body cells eg skin, muscle cells ect.
Not germ cells (sex cells or gamete) such as egg or sperm
Somatic cells are all diploid(2n) which mean that they have 2 copies of each chomezones. In
humans (2n)=46 chromosomes (23 pairs)
Pairs of chromosomes are called homologous pairs (1pair each parent)
Homologous chromosomes are similar looking chromosomes
1-2 chromosomes are called autosomes (Pic in slides)
XX-female
XY-male
Loc: are locations of genes. Eye color gene is on #15
What is the purpose of the cell cycle?
*Growth
Eg. yzgote grows into a baby or growing longer bones.
Eg. plant growth in root tip, stem tip or buds
*maintenance produce new cells to replace old cells
*Repair
Eg. healing a cut on your finger
pf3
pf4

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Somatic cell/body cells eg skin, muscle cells ect. Not germ cells (sex cells or gamete) such as egg or sperm Somatic cells are all diploid(2n) which mean that they have 2 copies of each chomezones. In humans (2n)=46 chromosomes (23 pairs) Pairs of chromosomes are called homologous pairs (1pair each parent) Homologous chromosomes are similar looking chromosomes 1-2 chromosomes are called autosomes (Pic in slides) XX-female XY-male Loc: are locations of genes. Eye color gene is on # What is the purpose of the cell cycle? *Growth Eg. yzgote grows into a baby or growing longer bones. Eg. plant growth in root tip, stem tip or buds *maintenance produce new cells to replace old cells *Repair Eg. healing a cut on your finger

The cell cycle The cell cycle can be divided into two main stages: interphase and cell division is further subdivided. 1.) Interphase cells gets ready to divide genetic material (DNA) is spread out as chromatin (G1 Phase) rapid cell growth makes new molecules expect DNA during this stage the cell performing its normal role (S Phase) The DNA in the chromatin replicates to create identical copies of the DNA. following DNA. Following the S phase, we now have double the chromatin. The chromatin condenses to form chromosomes and the two identical chromosomes, called sister chromatids, are joined at the Centromere. (G2 Phase) ‐ The cell rebuilds its reserves of energy to prepare for division. As well, the cell makes proteins and other molecules to prepare structures required for division of the nucleus and cell, such as doubling the centrioles. (Cell division) Prophase

  • Chromatin thickens into rods ‐ chromosomes
  • Each chromosome is made of 2 sister chromatids
  • Sister chromatids are genetic copies
  • Chromatids are held together at centromere (pinched‐in‐area)
  • Nuclear membrane and nucleolus disappear
  • Centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
  • Centrioles grow spindle fibers (help in moving chromosomes) Think "Prophase is Priming or Preparing to split" Division of Genetic Material Metaphase