Space Operations and Space Systems, Exams of Military Strategy and Training

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Army Space Cadre Basic Course | 100% Correct

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What report Directed the creation of a Space Cadre? - ✔✔Space Commission Report Why does the Army maintain an Army Space Cadre? (3) - ✔✔ DoD Directive Fulfill Congressional Mandate Efficacies for Army What are the 5 Main Mission Areas? (5) - ✔✔ SSA- Space Situation Awareness BMC2- Battle Management Command and Control Space Control Space Support for Operations Space Service and Support What are the different Army Space units? (6) - ✔✔ 1st Space BDE

• 1st Space BN
• 2nd Space BN
• 53rd Signal BN
• 117th Reserve Space BN
• 100th Missile Defense What is the SMDC Operations Center? Where is it Located at? - ✔✔

• SMDC is the focal point for all command's operational mission requirements / Provides SA
• Located in Colorado Springs, CO Which three combatant command commanders have global responsibility? (3) - ✔✔-TRANSCOM
• SOCOM
• STRATCOM What are the 6 USSTRATCOM mission areas? (6) - ✔✔-GLOBAL STRIKE
• CYBER SPACE OPERATIONS
• SPACE OPERATIONS
• IMD-INTERGRATED MISSLE DEFENSE
• WMD- WEAPONS OF MASS DESTRUCTION
• ISR- ELECTRONIC WARFARE Which JFCC is responsible for Space? - ✔✔JFCC Space What is the name of the Space Ops center? What is the Primary function? Where is it located? - ✔✔JSpOC Catalogs all space material/ Global Theater Missile Defense Located in Vanderberg, CA The Commander of the SMDC is also the Commander of what JFCC? - ✔✔IMD (LTC Dickinson) What is the role of the USASMDC/ARSTRAT Commander as the Army Service Component Commander to USSTRATCOM? - ✔✔Force Provider What are the USASMDC/ ARSTRAT three lines of effort and what is their function? (3) - ✔✔ 1 - Operations (today)- Provides ready and trained s/m defense forces to warfighters and nation

2 - Capability Development (tomorrow) Provides s/m defense with concepts, doctrine and techniques 3 - Material Development (day after tomorrow) Provides research and developments to s/m defense cyber, directed energy and related technology Where is the USASMDC/ ARSTRAT's operational hub located? - ✔✔Peterson AFB, Colorado Springs, CO What were the primary contributions of Dr. Robert Goddard (3) - ✔✔-Provided the Mathematics theories for rocket propulsion.

• Developed gyroscope control, vanes, gimball steering, and fuel pumps for rocket fuel
• Proved that rockets can work in a vacuum How did the German V2 program contribute to U.S Space development? (3) - ✔✔-Wiener Von Braun defected to the US
• Helped with development of the Jupiter-C Satellite
• Helped launch the Explorer 1 Describe early U.S. Surveillance programs prior to the launch of our first imagery satellite? Why did the US develop space-based ISR? (3) - ✔✔-U2 Dragonlady- High Altitude Surveillance Aricraft
• Progect Genetrix- high Altitude Balloon
• They avoided Over flight issues Who was the first nation to launch a satellite in space? - ✔✔USSR (Soviet Union) with Spudnik (1957) Identify the primary goals of the following space programs Mercury: Gemini: Apollo: - ✔✔Mercury- See the effects of space on humans / gather more knowledge Gemini- Rendezvous and docking & develop skills to go to the moon Apollo- To land man on moon and bring back to earth

When did the US launch a satellite into space? Who did it? What was it? (3) - ✔✔-Jan 1958

• US Army
• Explorer 1 with Jupiter-C Satellite When did the US land a man on the moon? - ✔✔ 1969 What was the tracking significance of bouncing radio signals off the moon? (2) - ✔✔Track satellite/ ICBMs Communication in Space How are satellites traveling around the earth? - ✔✔They are falling What are the take aways form Kepler's three laws? (3) - ✔✔ 1 - Law of orbit- Distance from Foci to point on the ellipse- Orbit of planets are ellipse with the Sun at a focus 2 - Law of Area- Apogee= slow, Perigee= Fast- Orbit of planets sweep out equal areas in equal time 3 - Law of Periods- Larger the orbit longer the period- The period is proportional to the cube of the average distance to the sun Define the six classical orbital elements (6) - ✔✔-a= Orbit Size= Semi Main Axis
• e= Orbit Shape= eccentricies (0= circular; 0< e < 1= ellipse
• I= Orbit Tilt= Inclination (0= geosynchronous; 59= GPS, 1-90= Prograde; 91-180= Retrograde)
• Omega= Orbit Twist= Right of ascending node @ equator plane
• w= Orbit Rotation= Argument of Perigee(relates to Ascending node
• v= Satellite Position= true anomaly ( relates to perigee. Define basic terms that describes an orbit? (5) - ✔✔-Apogee- Further away from earth the slower
• Perigees- Closer to earth the faster
• Prograde- Rotating with earths rotation (CCW)
• Retrograde- Rotating against earths rotation (CW)

• Semi-synchronous- 12hrs
• Geosynchronous- 24hrs Explain the following orbits LEO MEO GEO HEO - ✔✔-LEO (Low Earths Orbit) Description: Circular Orbit, ALT- 200 - 900 Miles, Period- 90 - 120 Min, I=varies, e=varies; Sub-Cat: Polar and Sun-synchronous (96-98 degrees); Missions: Imagery, Weather and Man-made Missions
• MEO (Middle Earths Orbit) Description: Circular Orbit, ALT- 900 - 22,000Miles, Period- 1.5-23.5 hrs, I=varies, e=varies; Sub-Cat: semi-synchronous; Missions: GPS
• GEO (Geosynchronous) Description: Circular Orbit, ALT- 23,200miles, Period- 24 hrs, I=varies, e= degrees; Sub-Cat: geo-synchronous, geo stationary; Missions: MIL SATCOM and Missile Warning
• HEO (Highly Inclined Ellipse Orbit) Description: Elliptical Orbit, ALT- Perigee= 200 mi, Apogee=24,000mi, Period- 12 hrs, I=63.4, e=near 1degrees; Sub-Cat: molniya (Russian Comms Satellite; Missions: High Altitude SATCOM, Missile Warning What makes a sun-synchronous orbit special for ISR missions? (2) - ✔✔-Provides shadow IOT measure height of objects
• Polar orbit passes over the object about the same time of day How does inclination relate to satellite's ground trace? (2) - ✔✔-Identifies what Maximum Latitudes are covered on the ground.
• N/S are always going to be the same Latitude line Describe the Key provisions of the 1967Outer Space Treaty (4) - ✔✔-Equitable Access
• Used by all
• No claims ofsovernity
• No Nuclear and WMD weapons allowed

Is there an agreement delineating the boundary at which airspace ends and out space begins? - ✔✔NO Which document states our right to an "Anticipatory or Preemptive" first strike if we feel our space systems are being threatened? - ✔✔US National Space Policy What is our preferred approach to space control outlined in DoD Space Control Policy? - ✔✔Tactical Denial What is doctrine? - ✔✔Flexible set of principles What is JP 3-14? (2) - ✔✔-Joint Space Operations

• Provides 5 Space Mission Areas What is FM 3-14? (2) - ✔✔- Space ISO Army Operations
• Establishes guidance for employing space capabilities to support ULO dominance What are some of the major civil space organizations? (5) - ✔✔-DOI (Dept of Interior)
• NASA
• DOC (Dept of Commerce)
• DOT (Dept of Transportation)
• DOE (Dept of Energy) What are the Army's primary space capabilities? (4) - ✔✔-Communication (53rd)
• Missile Warning (JTAGS)
• Missile Defense (100th)
• Space Control (1st Space BDE) JFCC Space is the single POC to ______, ______, _____, _________, space activities - ✔✔Plan, Direct, Assess, and Execute Military

Which Service is responsible for our military space lift capabilities? - ✔✔Air Force What is the 1st Space BDEs mission? (3) - ✔✔-Global Space Support to Operations

• Space Support
• Space Control Operations what type of units are in 1st Space BN? (3) - ✔✔-JTAGS
• ARSST Space Support
• SSA What does the 53rd Signal BN do? - ✔✔Satellite payload control of DSCS and WGS What does the 100th Missile Defense do? - ✔✔Destroy ICBMs What is the difference between Passive and Active collection of EM energy? (2) - ✔✔-Passive= Emitted and Reflected
• Active= Reflected (transmitting) What is EM Spectrum? - ✔✔Grouping of radiation types and energized photons Describe the relationship between wavelength and frequencies? - ✔✔Inversly Proportional Define bandwidth - ✔✔Range of Freqs (width of bands) What is the difference between EM Spectrum bandwidth and computing bandwidth? (2) - ✔✔-EM Spectrum bandwidth= Range of Freq
• Computing = Amount of Data

Where do visible wavelengths fall between on the EM Spectrum? - ✔✔in the middle Which portion of the EM Spectrum do we use for satellite comms? - ✔✔Microwaves Which type of radar is dependent on alerting and cueing systems in order to be effective? - ✔✔Track Radar Is the radio freq portion of the EM Spectrum crowded? Is there room to grow - ✔✔Yes/ No What factor determines Radar "discrimination" performance? - ✔✔Radar Freq When transmitting a signal, in order for it to be received the signal must be _________ than the strength of the background noise. - ✔✔Greater Describe solar wind - ✔✔Charged Particle constantly emitted from the sun What is the military systems can be degraded by space weather? (7) - ✔✔-HF Comms

• SATCOM (UHF/SHF)
• Radar
• Missile
• GPS
• Intel Collection Systems
• Satellite Operations (orbit and ground ops) What emissions from the sun are responsible for Space Weather?(2) - ✔✔-Charged Particles
• EM Radiation What are the greatest effects on LEO spacecraft during a period of increased solar activity? - ✔✔Atmospheric Drag

Describe the Van Allen Belt (3) - ✔✔-Consist of Charged Particles

• Expanded & Contract based on suns activity
• Potentially harmful Describe the harmful effects of space weather to on satellites (5) - ✔✔-Space craft charging
• Computer Logic Errors
• Atmospheric Drag
• Radiation Damage
• Scintillation Describe Solar Conjunction - ✔✔Sun appears directly behind GEOCOMSTAT What effects on military systems does Solar Conjunction have? (2) - ✔✔-Auto Tracking
• Data Loss What are the mitigation tech against Solar Conjunction?(3) - ✔✔-Disable Auto Track
• Schedule data transmission around outage period
• Shift antenna to alternate comms Describe Scintillation - ✔✔Increase presence of Charged Particles in the ionosphere snapping back to the earths form the earth's magneto tail What agencies support the Army's weather product needs? (3) - ✔✔-557th Weather Wing (AFWA-Air force Weather Agency)
• NOAA
• JSpOC

Charged _________ > Solar __________ > Geo____________ Storm > _______________ - ✔✔Charged Particles > Solar Wind > Geomagnetic Storm > Scintillation What is a Satellite Bus? - ✔✔Collection of systems working to together to perform a specific function What are the three functions of Structural Subsystem? (3) - ✔✔-Houses

• Protects
• Provides Mounting Surface What are the 3 things does the Structural Subsystem provide? (3) - ✔✔-Strength
• Stiffness
• Stability Describe the power systems used in a spacecraft? What is the primary application for each? (3) - ✔✔- Sun- Common for Earth's Orbit
• Chemical Systems- For crew space ships
• Nuclear Systems- For interplanetary travel What is the function of the navigation guidance control subsystem? (2) - ✔✔-Monitor and adjust the position and velocity (orbit maintenance)
• Where am I?, Where I want to go?, How do I get there? What is the function of the Attitude Determination and Control system? - ✔✔Monitor and adjust the orientation of the spacecraft Describe the methods of heat transfer and how they are used.(3) - ✔✔-Convention-thermal transfer between the flowing fluids and solid surface.
• Conduction- Thermal transfer through matter in absence of fluid motion
• Radiation- Transfer via electromagnetic waves

Which of Newton's laws describe simply how a rocket works - ✔✔3rd Law- For every action is a equal and opposite reaction Rocket Propulsion does what three things for a aircraft? (3) - ✔✔-Get it into orbit

• Move it around in space
• Change attitude What boosting method delivers more payload to orbit for a given sized launch? - ✔✔Staging: Serial and Parallel What is the most common type of thruster used for satellite on-orbit propulsion and attitude control? - ✔✔Chemical Monopropellant What is the most common use of a solid core rocket? - ✔✔ICBMs Ion thruster are primarily used for geosynchronous/geostationary orbit station keeping and ________ __________ ___________. - ✔✔Deep space Missions What is the difference between thermodynamic and electrodynamic propulsion systems? (2) - ✔✔- Thermo- Heat/Pressure
• Electrodynamic- Electromagnetic energy the vehicle program was created to produce replacement lift vehicles for the USAF legacy lift systems. - ✔✔Evolved expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV) Which two companies provide lift systems for the EELV program? (2) - ✔✔-Space x
• United Launch alliance Which country only launches retrograde orbits for space vehicle? - ✔✔Israel

What is the greatest factor that determines the Length of the launch window? - ✔✔Launch Booster What types of launches may be conducted from Cape Canaveral AFS on the East Coast and Vendenberg AFB on the West Coast? (2) - ✔✔-Cape Canaveral- Prograde Orbit

• Vandenberg- Prograde, retrograde, Polar Orbits The number of launches opportunities per day is based on what characteristics of the launch? How many launches opportunities do I get if my inclination is the same as my launch attitude? - ✔✔- Inclination
• 1 Launch per day

• =inclination= 1 launch per day <inclination= 2 launches per day

  inclination= 0 Launches per day Drag is the primarily dependent on what? - ✔✔Vehicle Shape and Size Name 5 reasons to perform orbital rendezvous - ✔✔- Fill a constellation

• Service on a existing satellite
• Perform a conjunction (kill or negate) a satellite
• Perform a defensive maneuver
• Inspect an orbiting satellite How often should you get a new element Set for a satellite (2) - ✔✔-LEO- 2 to 3 days
• GEO- 3 to 6 weeks What is the most efficient 2 burn maneuver to move form LEO to GEO orbit in the same place? - ✔✔Hohnman Transfer How does two satellite in the same place rendezvous? what is the greatest natural factor co-orbit rendezvous? - ✔✔-Slow down to Speed up, speed up to slow down
• Velocity

In proximity operations what type of target interacts with the chase satellite to assist in updating relative position and velocity for terminal guidance - ✔✔Cooperative target Acquisition program are categorized largely according to their cost. What Acquisition category (ACAT) are most DOD space systems? - ✔✔ACAT 1 MDAP - Major Defense ACQ Program How are operators/ users important to the ACQ program - ✔✔Determine requirements for a need Why are space systems different and therefore more expensive to acquire that other DoD systems (3) - ✔✔-One shot to get it right

• With stand harsh environment
• Multiple segments Two ACQ strategies are the evolutionary approach and the single step approach. Why does the military prefer the evolutionary approach to space ACQ? - ✔✔Adds new technology to the satellite as it become available. What is the function of Telemetry Operations - ✔✔Describes the State of Health, Orientation, and Payload data. What is the function of Tracking Operation? - ✔✔To locate and lock onto satellites for the duration of the mission What is the function of Command Operations? - ✔✔Command the satellite (Fire Thrusters, Switch batteries) What satellites are controlled by 2 SOPS, 4 SOPS, 6 SOPS and 22 SOPS - ✔✔-2 SOPS: GPS
• 4 SOPS: SHF/ EHF SATCOM; DSCS/ WGS (Bus Only); Milstar AEHF
• 6 SOPS: DMSP, NOAA, Reserves

- 22 SOPS: AFSCN

Explain the functions of a WSOC: How many are world wide? - ✔✔-Responding to transmission anomalies and alarms

• Monitoring the health and welfare of space craft
• Reporting space situational awareness What is the Space Surveillance Network (SSN)? - ✔✔-1) Maintains satellite catalog database
• Collection of Radar and Optical Sensors to detect, rack, identify, and categorize
• Catalog and monitor man-made objects in space What are the two types of sensors used by the SSN? - ✔✔Active- Radars Passive- Optical Which organization is the primary C2 center for the SSN? - ✔✔JSpOC- Joint Space Operation Center What does Metric data provide? - ✔✔-Describes a satellite position in orbit
• Supplies info on cataloged objects, new domestic and foreign launches What does SOI data Provide? - ✔✔Shape and size- physical and dynamic properties of an object being tracked to ID payload missions and satellite configuration changes. What are some reasons why we track satellites re-entries? - ✔✔-could be mistaken as a missile attack?
• Inform appropriate agencies of a potential disaster
• Notify nations about a reentering object
• Access blame and collect reparations Define the 3 categories of sensors used by the SSN? - ✔✔-Dedicated (SSN Support)
• Collateral (Other than SSN support)

• Contributing (Non USSTATCOM contract for SSN support) What is the relevance of SATCOM to the Army - ✔✔Provides Beyond Line of Site (BLOS) What 3 types of orbits do we use for communications satellites? What is the primary orbit for MILSATCOM? - ✔✔-GEO- Primary
• HEO- Primary
• LEO What are the 3 Primary bands we utilize for satellite communications - ✔✔UHF SHF EHF Which band is also referred to as a "narrowband" - ✔✔UHF Which band is also known as a "wide band" - ✔✔SHF Which band is also called "protected Comms" because it has the best anti-jam properties? - ✔✔EHF Which band is most susceptible to Jamming? - ✔✔UHF Which band is most susceptible to solar weather (e.g scintillation) - ✔✔UHF Which band is most susceptible to atmospheric absorption? - ✔✔EHF The ability to turn off coverage over a specific spot over the Earth is know as _______. this is the capability of what Military SATCOM constellation? - ✔✔Beam Nulling

The ability to shape the converge area of the communication footprint is know as ________. This is a capability of what Military SATCOM constellation? - ✔✔Beam shaping What is unique about the iridium satellite constellation? what is the main teleport? - ✔✔LEO/ Crosslink, Hawaii Describe the Joint Spectrum Interference Resolution JSIR Program/ What web portal can units submit and electromagnetic interference (EMI) report on? - ✔✔-Resolve or mitigate EMI

• Minimize the effect of electronic warfare on friendly emitters Why does the Army care about GPS? - ✔✔The military depends on it What are the three missions of the GPS system? - ✔✔-Time Transfer: Time Synch
• Positioning: Precise positioning, velocity and timed user
• Nudet: Nuclear Denotation Surveillance How does GPS determine your position? - ✔✔Trilateration
• Measures by message receipt
• Needs clocks and satellites What is the minimum number of satellites required for your receiver to provide a 3 dimensional position information? - ✔✔ 4 Describe the difference between Military and Civilian GPS receiver (Codes and Freqs). - ✔✔Encryption Military = L1 (P(Y) + CA) + L2 (P(Y)) Civilians = L1 (P(Y) + CA) What causes mulitpathing? - ✔✔Mountainous and Urban Terrain

What factor determines Dilution of Precision (DOP)? - ✔✔The angle between the satellites Large Angle = Good Small Angle = Bad How many satellites are required for a fully operation GPS constellation? - ✔✔24 minimum

• 6 orbit planes
• 12 hr period What makes a DAGR more jam resistance than a commercial GPS receiver? - ✔✔-Wider Freqs SAASM- Selective Availability Anti-spoofing Module IOT utilize the P (Y) code what must your DAGR do or acquire first? - ✔✔Acquire a CA Code What systems enhance the GPS signal and give users improved location accuracy? - ✔✔-Differential GPS
• (WAAS) Wide Areas Augmenting system What are the GPS jamming mitigation TTPs? - ✔✔-Turn on and encrypt
• Ensure Joint Restricted Freq List is adhered to
• Block interfering signal
• Move out of jamming environment Which organization provides weather products to Air Force and Army users? - ✔✔557th Weather Wing Which organization provides weather products to Navy and Marine Corps users - ✔✔FNMOC Which organization operates all of our nation's weather satellites- both Military and Civilian? - ✔✔NOAA What US weather satellites are in LEO? - ✔✔-POES

- DMSP

Which satellite(s) are capable of detecting nighttime lights? - ✔✔-DMSP w/ OLS sensor

• NPP- VIIRS Which satellites constellation hosts and experimental GPS Radio Occultation instrument that uses the GPS signal to depict atmospheric status? - ✔✔Cosmic Constellation What US weather satellites are in GEO? - ✔✔GOES What kind of imagery usually has the best Spatial Resolution? - ✔✔Panchromatic- PAN Multi-spectral imaging provides unique capabilities to identify materials on the ground based on their what? - ✔✔Spectral Signature What is spatial resolution? - ✔✔Smallest distance between two object at which the objects appear separate and distant What does elevation date provide satellite imagery? - ✔✔More precise geolocation- mountainous terrain Describe change detection? How is it normally depicted in the images? - ✔✔-Process of using two or more images from the same sensor of same area at different time
• Pixel change Which Commercial Imagery Satellite had the best EO and spectral resolution? - ✔✔Worldview- 3 Form what three countries do we obtain commercial SAR products? What are the names of the satellites? - ✔✔-Canada- Radar Sat 2
• Germany- TerraSAR X

• Italy- Cosmo-SkyMED Where can you go online to get archives commercial imagery products? - ✔✔EVWHS- Enhanced View Web Hosting Service What are the four primary missions area that OPIR contribute too? Which one did OPIR designed? - ✔✔- Missile Warning
• Missile Defense
• Battle space Characteristics
• Technical Intel OPIR detects characterizes radiant energy that is __________ or ___________ from generating source? - ✔✔Emitted Reflected What characteristics of a missile launch determines an OPIR sensor capability to detect it? - ✔✔-How long it burns
• How hot it burns
• Flight time What sensor is designed to replace the DSP legacy system? - ✔✔ DSP and SBIRS satellites provide OPIR capabilities to DoD and intel community - ✔✔ The SBIRS architecture includes DSP legacy system in ______ and ______ _______and _____ ________ - ✔✔-GEO SBIRS GEO
• HEO Systems DSP satellites were designed to last only _______ years, lifespan is much longer. - ✔✔ 5

OPIR sensors can be affected what three things? - ✔✔-atmospheric glinting(scintillation),

• weather/cloud cover,
• covariance (accuracy) errors List at least three reasons from a dependence standpoint why we are concerned about GPS Jammers - ✔✔-US is reliant on GPS
• PGM depends on GPS for Accuracy
• Default PNT systems for US Forces List at least three reasons from a susceptibility standpoint why we are concerned about GPS Jammers. - ✔✔-Weak signal facilities jamming effectiveness
• Jamming cost/tech is modest but effective
• Over 28 countries actively develop GPS Jammers What are the three tenants of Navigation Warfare (NAVWAR)? o ____________ friendly forces from GPS disruption (anti-jam, anti-spoof) o ____________ hostile forces from using GPS with minimal impact on friendly forces o ____________ civil use of GPS outside of the theatre of operations - ✔✔-Protect
• Prevent
• Peserve What is the most common source of GPS interference? ________________________ - ✔✔Jamming There are two main types of GPS jammers. The lesser sophisticated jammers are called ____________ jammers, which attempt to send random noise at a high power in order to deny the receiver's ability to acquire and track the GPS signal. The other category of jammers, which are more sophisticated, are called ____________ jammers, which try to make the receiver misrepresent its actual position. - ✔✔- Denial of Service (DoS) Jammers
• Deception Jammers

Deception jammers that can retransmit portions of GPS signals on a time delay are known as ____________. Deception jammers that can attempt to deceive a receiver into reporting specific false positioning and time, by changing the C/A code, are known as ____________. - ✔✔-Repeater

• Spoofer The PNT Mission Planning Software that can model predicted GPS jamming effects in a given Area of Operations, based on terrain analysis, and provide guidance for optimizing the use of Precision Guided Munitions is called? ______________________ - ✔✔GIANT- GPS Accuracy Prediction Tool The PNT Mission planning Software that provides PDOP charts showing GPS accuracy over a given place at a given time (and also identifies optimal times to deploy PGMs) is called? ______________________ - ✔✔GPS Core (Project Atlas) What is the FFT? - ✔✔GPS enabled system that provides location information about units and hostile forces What does FFT do for you? - ✔✔Provides w/near time SA and battle command in which it decisively control the battle space.
• Provides real time Risk Management (RM)
• Direct. Indirect Fires
• Support TSTs
• Provides Joint SA
• Provides immediate inter-service SA (i.e. Personnel recovery) What is the most common FFT system that the Army uses? - ✔✔JBC-P (FBCB2) Which COMBATANT COMMANDER is responsible for the FFT? - ✔✔USSTRATCOM Which Operations center manages FFT? - ✔✔Mission Management Center (MMC)

Do JFFT devices rely on GPS and SATCOM? - ✔✔YES What is the most common type of error associated with FFT platforms? - ✔✔Latency caused by SATCOM What guidance does the Mission Management Center (MMC) rely on in order to determine who to share FFT data with? - ✔✔Data Owners Guide (DOG)

• Unit owns the data/ MMC just manages it What factors can cause errors with accuracy of FFT devices? - ✔✔o Technical capabilities of devices o Bandwidth usage of SATCOM satellite(s) o Latency Varies based on the JFFT receiver refresh rate Varies based on vehicle speed This is not based on GPS accuracy What is Red Dot? - ✔✔o Red Dot is a rapid information dissemination architecture that transmits recent relevant creditable Counter-IED (CIED) intelligence to tactical levels in near real time. o RED DOT is an ISR capability that seamlessly transmits Indications and Warnings (I&W) of suspected IEDs to BFT devices in near real time. (not precisely or definitely) What is the purpose of Red Dot? - ✔✔o Warn ground personnel of potential IED hazards. o Provide CIED COP for TOC situational awareness. o Provide archive CIED data for pattern of life. RED DOT utilizes _______based and ___________based ISR assets. - ✔✔-Space Based
• Terrestrial Based ______ _________ are delivered to all JBC-P (FBCB2) consoles at the UNCLASSIFIED level. Explain - ✔✔- IED I&Ws

• Booby trap icons displayed on BFT screens indicates a possible IED (icon is slightly modified on the SIPR Google Earth COP).
• RED DOT icons/reports will continue to be transmitted for up to 30 days (commander SOP dependent) unless a close-out report is submitted.
• Battlespace owners do not have ability to remove IED icons from their BFT devices. What are the Myths versus reality - ✔✔- RED DOT does not predict IED events... it disseminates IED signature activity based upon recent relevant creditable intelligence.
• RED DOT alerts/icons do not guarantee an IED... they are used to warn of possible IED locations and are labeled with a low, medium, or high confidence rating.
• RED DOT does not task ISR assets... it utilizes data from ISR assets. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) have a linkage to which space operational areas? - ✔✔-PNT/GPs (Navigation)
• EM (Weather)
• SATCOM
• ISR What high altitude strategic UAS operated by the Air Force has no armaments, but can dwell over a target area for more than 24 hours? - ✔✔-Air Force: RQ-4B (Global Hawk) (C-band, KU/KA SATCOM)
• Navy: MQ-4C (Triton) Are all UAS dependent on SATCOM and GPS? - ✔✔No- some rely on LOS, SATCOM, and GPS What are the Levels, Comms, Payloads/ Sensors used for the following? o MQ-1 Grey Eagle o RQ-7 Shadow o RQ-11 Raven - ✔✔-MQ-1 Grey Eagle
  • Division
  • LOS/SATCOM
  • Imagery: EO/IR/LD, SIGINT:SAR/GMTI, Weapon: Hellfire

• RQ-7 Shadow
  • Brigade
  • LOS
  • EO/IR/Comms Relay
• RQ-11 Raven
  • Battalion and Below
  • LOS
  • EO/IR What type of sensors and payloads are on UAS platforms? - ✔✔-EO
• IR
• SAR
• SIGINT What capabilities can an ARSST provide? - ✔✔-Ever explaining role in STO/ACCM
• Space Force Enhancement (Sat Health, Tracking, SI)
• Produce ISR products quickly Is an Army Space Support Team (ARSST) attached (temporary) or assigned (permanent) to the supported unit? - ✔✔Attached
• Evolving role in STO/ ACCM
• Plan, coordinate, integrate, synergize= Execution of space MSNs Is the Space Support Element (SSE) attached (temporary) or assigned (permanent) to the supported unit? - ✔✔Organic
• Evolving role in STO/ ACCM What is name of the scalable 1st Space Brigade detachment located at the Combined Air Operations Center (CAOC) that assists in Joint Space Planning, and provides Army space representation and support

to the Space Coordinating Authority of the Combatant Command? - ✔✔ASCE (Army Space Coordination Element) At what unit levels in the Army will you find an SSE? - ✔✔-Army

• Corps
• Division The Distributed Common Ground System-Army (DCGS-A), with a Space Build, is a _____________, with a suite of software programs, giving users access to space analysis and __________________________ planning tools used by an ARSST or SSE. - ✔✔-Laptop
• Space Force Enhancement What is a SSA software program that can be found on the DCGS-A with a Space Build? - ✔✔-SSA
• Imagery
• PNT What is a Position, Navigation & Timing (PNT) software program that can be found on the DCGS-A with a Space Build? - ✔✔-SKT (Systems Tool Kit)
• ISSA (Integrated SSA) What are at least two Imagery software programs can be found on the DCGS-A with a Space Build? - ✔✔-Google Earth Enterprise Client
• ARGis/ARCMAP What valuable function does the Integrated Space Situational Awareness (ISSA) perform regarding imagery satellites? - ✔✔-Overfly Protection
• SATRAN What is the primary function of the Systems Tool Kit (STK)? - ✔✔3D Modeling- Visualization Tool