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SPEA V 182 Exam 2 Study Guide: Healthcare & Political Systems, Work-Family Balance, Exams of Law

Widener University - DelawareLaw

This study guide provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts related to healthcare systems, political systems, and work-family reconciliation policies. It covers topics such as multi-payer systems, medicare, medicaid, the influence of interest groups, electoral systems, the rule of law, work-family reconciliation policies, and democratic principles. The guide also includes definitions of key terms and provides a comparison of healthcare systems in the us and eu.

Typology: Exams

2024/2025

Available from 12/20/2024

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SPEA
-
V 182 Exam 2 Study Guide
multi-payer system - ✔️✔️healthcare that requires multiple payers to cover or pay for
costs. Doctors and hospitals receive their payments from a large number of different
insurance companies that their patients are associated with
Medicare - ✔️✔️health coverage 65 and older (Single payer system, Payroll Tax)
Medicaid - ✔️✔️health coverage if very low income (Funded by states and Fed. Gov't,
Single payer system, Means testing)
Expanded medicaid - ✔️✔️healthcare coverage if below 138% of poverty level
VA - ✔️✔️health coverage for veterans (Doctors are Gov't Employees)
What are conditions under which the influence of interest groups on legislators tends to
be weak? - ✔️✔️Weak: more centralized political systems
Pluralist Group Theory - ✔️✔️•Individuals work through groups formed around
common causes/interest.
•No single group dominates politics.
•Organized groups compete with each other to influence policy makers /policy;
strongest groups will have the most influence and are most likely to get policy passed
No formal connections to government
Corporatist Group Theory - ✔️✔️•Explicit, institutionalized roles of interest groups in
the policymaking process.
•Goal is developing consensus
•Conflicting interest groups cooperate with each other and with bureaucrats and
politicians in
developing and implementing policies
Explain how a single-member district plurality (SMDP) electoral system (also known
variously as plurality, winner-take-all, or first-past-the-post systems) works. - ✔️✔️It
divides a country into many legislative districts and assigns one seat to each district.
Whichever candidate receives the most votes is now the representative of that district.
Explain the differences in electoral outcomes between a proportional voting system and
SMDP. - ✔️✔️In an SDMP system, the candidate who receives the most votes in a
district is elected to that office. In a proportional representation system, a smaller
number of large electoral districts are involved. Multiple seats in the legislature are
allocated to each district. Instead of voting for individual candidates at election time,
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SPEA- V 182 Exam 2 Study Guide

multi-payer system - ✔️ ✔️ healthcare that requires multiple payers to cover or pay for costs. Doctors and hospitals receive their payments from a large number of different insurance companies that their patients are associated with Medicare - ✔️ ✔️ health coverage 65 and older (Single payer system, Payroll Tax) Medicaid - ✔️ ✔️ health coverage if very low income (Funded by states and Fed. Gov't, Single payer system, Means testing) Expanded medicaid - ✔️ ✔️ healthcare coverage if below 138% of poverty level VA - ✔️ ✔️ health coverage for veterans (Doctors are Gov't Employees) What are conditions under which the influence of interest groups on legislators tends to be weak? - ✔️ ✔️ Weak: more centralized political systems Pluralist Group Theory - ✔️ ✔️ •Individuals work through groups formed around common causes/interest. •No single group dominates politics. •Organized groups compete with each other to influence policy makers /policy; strongest groups will have the most influence and are most likely to get policy passed No formal connections to government Corporatist Group Theory - ✔️ ✔️ •Explicit, institutionalized roles of interest groups in the policymaking process. •Goal is developing consensus •Conflicting interest groups cooperate with each other and with bureaucrats and politicians in developing and implementing policies Explain how a single-member district plurality (SMDP) electoral system (also known variously as plurality, winner-take-all, or first-past-the-post systems) works. - ✔️ ✔️ It divides a country into many legislative districts and assigns one seat to each district. Whichever candidate receives the most votes is now the representative of that district. Explain the differences in electoral outcomes between a proportional voting system and SMDP. - ✔️ ✔️ In an SDMP system, the candidate who receives the most votes in a district is elected to that office. In a proportional representation system, a smaller number of large electoral districts are involved. Multiple seats in the legislature are allocated to each district. Instead of voting for individual candidates at election time,

voters cast one vote for a single party and the seats available in the district are allocated roughly according to the proportion of the vote that party's slate received. What does it mean for societies to be operating under the "Rule of Law" or the "Rule by Law"? - ✔️ ✔️ When both state and society are bound by an impartial and neutrally enforces legal framework Countries pursue policies of work-family reconciliation for different reasons.....what are those different reasons? - ✔️ ✔️ Countries pursue policies of work-family reconciliation to alleviate labor shortages, enhance gender equality, encourage work sharing, reduce unemployment, sustain social insurance revenues, and raising birth rates, to name a few. What are core components of work-family reconciliation policy? - ✔️ ✔️ Family and parental leave, working time regulations and workplace flexibility, and publically supported childcare What are EU minimum standards for policies dealing with maternity leave and parental leave, compared to US? - ✔️ ✔️ EU: 4 months of job-protected leave for both parents; 14 weeks of job protected maternity leave paid at sick pay rates US: 12 weeks unpaid job-protected leave for just the mother What are defining elements of an ideal democracy? - ✔️ ✔️ 1.) Equality in voting. 2.) Effective participation. 3.) Enlightened understanding. 4.) Citizen control of the agenda. 5.) Inclusion. What are features of authoritarian regimes? - ✔️ ✔️ Authoritarian regimes feature the most important leaders being chosen in a way that does not seek periodic input from a freely participating electorate and in which the state does not respect basic human rights What are conditions under which the influence of interest groups on legislators tends to be strong? - ✔️ ✔️ Socially and economically diverse; industrialized countries with decentralized political systems. Interest groups that are large, coherent, and wealthy will be the strongest and have the most influence. Countries with weak political parties and weak party discipline will also likely have strong interest groups. In the US, retirement income can come from social security benefits and from private retirement savings, including from 401k. Explain the differences, advantages and

Co-payment - ✔️ ✔️ a fixed amount for a covered service, paid by a patient to the provider of service before receiving the service. Partial payment a patient has to make for a doctor visit or medication. out-of-pocket maximum - ✔️ ✔️ The total of co-pays, deductibles, and co-insurance the patient has to pay before the insurance will pay 100% of the costs. After you spend this amount on deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance, your health plan pays 100% of the costs of covered benefits. Premium - ✔️ ✔️ monthly costs of having health insurance subsidies for out-of-pocket expenditures - ✔️ ✔️ Subsidies to help cover co-payments, co-insurance, and deductibles Co-insurance - ✔️ ✔️ the percentage of medical costs a patient has to pay after meeting the deductible deductible - ✔️ ✔️ a specified amount of money that the insured must pay before an insurance company will pay a claim. premium subsidy - ✔️ ✔️ A subsidy by the government to help you pay your health insurance premium