Special Forces Air Operations: Drop Zone Procedures, Exams of Advanced Education

Download Special Forces Air Operations: Drop Zone Procedures and more Exams Advanced Education in PDF only on Docsity! Pathfinder School - DZ Final Exam Latest Updated Graded A+ AFI 13-217 - ANS-Drop Zone & Landing Zone Operations AFI 11-231 - ANS-Computed Air Release Point (CARP) Procedures TC 3-21.220 - ANS-Static Line Parachuting Techniques & Training USASOC Reg 350-2 - ANS-Training Airborne Operations Manual, Ground Marked Release System (GMRS) FM 3-05.210 - ANS-Special Forces Air Operations Define: Drop Zone (DZ) - ANS-Where A/C deliver personnel and equipment by parachute or free drop Who designates the DZ? - ANS-Ground Unit Commander (GUC) usually with the Drop Zone Support Team Leader's (DZSTL) help USAF Zone Availability Report (ZAR) - ANS-Where you can look to see if approved DZ already exists within the tactical area Computed Air Release Point (CARP) - ANS-The DZSTL and DZ party mark the point of impact on a surveyed DZ. The A/C navigator computes the RP from the air Ground Marked Release System - ANS-Airdrop procedure where the exit point is determined by a visual marking on the ground & will release the load when abeam the marking DZSO/DZSTL places GMRS marking based on: (3) - ANS-(1) Ground Dispersion (2) Wind Drift (3) Aircraft Forward Throw Verbal Initiated Release System (VIRS) - ANS-A procedure to provide verbal steering guidance to an aircraft an call the release when it reaches a predetermined point on the ground Where does DZCO/DZSTL stand during VIRS transmission? - ANS-Release Point DZ Selection Factors (8) - ANS-1) Airdrop airspeed 2) Drop altitude 3) Type of load 4) Methods of delivery 5) Obstacles 6) Access 7) Air Approach and Departure Routes 8) Size of the DZ The slower an aircraft flies ______ - ANS-The greater the number of jumpers or amount of equipment the A/C can deliver Airdrop Airspeed: UH-1 Iroquois - ANS-50-70 (70) Airdrop Airspeed: UH-60 Blackhawk - ANS-65-75 (70) Airdrop Airspeed: CH-47 - ANS-80-110 (90) Airdrop Airspeed: CV-22 Osprey (USAF) - ANS-80-110 (90) Airdrop Airspeed: C-23 Sherpa - ANS-90-120 (105) Airdrop Airspeed: C-17/C-5 (Personnel/ Door Bundles) - ANS-130-135 (130) Airdrop Airspeed: C-130 Personnel - ANS-130 Airdrop Airspeed: C-130 (CDS/Equipment/Combination) - ANS-130-140* *used when weight of A/C exceeds 120,000 lbs. Airdrop Airspeed: C-17 (CDS/Equipment/Combination) - ANS-140+/-5 (140) Airdrop Airspeed: C-17 (Heavy Equipment) - ANS-150 Airdrop Airspeed: C-5 (CDS/Equipment/Combination) - ANS-150 Airdrop Airspeed: C-130 (Military Free Fall: MFF/HALO/HAHO) - ANS-110-150 Airdrop Airspeed: C-130 (Heavy Equipment) - ANS-140 Airdrop Airspeed: C-130 (High Velocity CDS) - ANS-130-140* *used when weight of A/C exceeds 120,000 lbs. Airdrop Airspeed: C-130 (Combat Rubber Raiding Craft (CRRC)) - ANS-130-140* *used when weight of A/C exceeds 120,000 lbs. Airdrop Airspeed: High Speed Low Level Aerial Delivery System (HSLLADS) - ANS-In Route Airspeed Airdrop Airspeed: MH-53 (USAF) - ANS-80-110 (90) Non-Steerable Parachute Series - ANS-T-10 Methods of Delivery (3) - ANS-Low Velocity High Velocity Free Drop Low Velocity Drops - ANS-Utilized for sensitive equipment and personnel drops High Velocity Drops - ANS-Delivery of certain items of supply rigged in airdrop containers with an energy dissipater underside the load; acceptable land shocking Free Drop - ANS-Used for non-sensitive items only. No parachute is attached to the load Who is responsible for conducting a reconnaissance & declaring obstacles on and near the DZ? - ANS-The DZSTL Obstacles to personnel - ANS-Any feature, either natural or man made that would pose a hazard to the jumper or prevent the jumper from accomplishing his mission Obstacles to Equipment - ANS-Any feature, either natural or man-made that may hinder the recovery of the load or cause damage to a load 3 things defined as obstacles - ANS-1) Trees 2) Water 3) Power Lines Trees: Obstacle Size - ANS-35 feet or higher Water Obstacle Dimensions - ANS-4 feet deep or deeper or 40 foot wide at widest point. DZSTL can declare any body of water an obstacle Power Lines Rules - ANS-- Attempt to find DZ > 1000m from power lines - If power lines are within 1000m they need to be turned off NLT 15 mins prior to TOT - No time will military PAX climb power lines Access Consideration for DZ - ANS-- GUC should avoid any DZ with obstacle between it and the objective - Adequate routes to conduct troop movement and recover equipment "NOTE" - ANS-N-No fly areas O-Obstacles to the A/C T-Terrain higher than the drop zone E-Enemy situation & location Air routes should not conflict with: (3) - ANS-(1) Other air operations (2) Restrictive terrain (3) Manmade objects Regulation that provides information about DZ waivers - ANS-AFI 13-217: Drop Zone & Landing Zone Operations Minimum size for GMRS & VIRS DZs - ANS-275m X 275m or (300 yds X 300 yds) "INANAS" - ANS-Initial Night Altitude Not in trail Additional SKE DZST Purpose - ANS-The Drop Zone Support team plans, establishes and operates day and night drop zones for personnel and resupply missions flown by fixed-wing and rotary-winged aircraft DZST Currency Requirements - ANS-1) Actively participated in an airdrop location or assistant within last 6 months 2) Attended a DZST refresher course within the last 6 months (given by current/qualified DZST) DZST Primary Missions (2) - ANS-(1) Wartime CDS drops to battalion or smaller size units (2) Peacetime Visiual Meteorological Conditions (VMC) drops involving 1-3 aircraft for personnel, CDS, & heavy equipment DZST Secondary Missions (3) - ANS-(1) Wartime drops to brigade size or larger units (2) Peacetime C-130 Adverse Weather Aerial Delivery SYstem (AWADS) involving 1-3 aircraft (3) VMC drops of 4 or more aircraft for personnel, CDS, & HE Authorized PAX other than qualified combat controllers performing DZSTL duties are restricted to what? - ANS-Formation airdrops of four or less aircraft unless on a military range with active range control Who is responsible for coordination with aircrew - ANS-DZSTL Where do the 3 copies of the DZ coordination checklist go? - ANS-(1) Aircrew (2) S-3 AIR (3) DZSTL When does DZ control group need to be in place? - ANS-NLT one hour prior to TOT Requirements for a complete control group (3) - ANS-(1) DZ is 2100 meters or longer (2) 20 seconds or more of exit time (3) more than 1 aircraft is executing the mission Minimum personnel required for a DZST/control group - ANS-1) DZSTL 2) Assistant DZSTL 3) Medical personnel with FLA 4) Malfunction officer with camera 5) Parachute recovery detail with recovery kit 6) Vehicles with drivers as required 7) Road guards as required 8) Military Police if required to control traffic or crowd control 9) Boat detail for PE drops Complete Control Group - ANS-(1) Assistant DZSTL must be DZSTL qualified (Personnel & HE drops must be Jumpmaster) (2) 2 FLA minimum for Personnel Drops & HE (3) 2 wind measuring devices (1 with DZSTL & one with assistant DZSTL at highest point) Malfunction Officer w/Camera - ANS-Must be a qualified & current rigger IAW AR 59-4. Joint Airdrop Inspection Records, Malfunction/Incident Investigations, & Activity Reporting Partial Control Group - ANS-(1) Assistant DZSTL does not have to be Jumpmaster qualified (2) One FLA for personnel and/or HE drops (3) One wind measuring device (located at CC with DZSTL) When is a boat detail required? - ANS-(1) Water obstacle within 1000m of any edge of DZ (2) 40 ft wide or wider at widest point (3) Water is 4 feet deep or deeper at deepest point * If water not 40 ft wide, jumpers still wear life preservers Boat Detail Requirements (3) - ANS-(1) Minimum of 2 boats in place one hour prior to TOT (2) Establish & maintain comms with DZSTL (3) Boats are in water, engines running 10 mins prior to TOT Personnel of Boat Detail - ANS-1) OIC/NCOIC (qualified boat operator) & assistant boat operator 2) Recovery Personnel - 2 for each boat Add what to boat detail at night? (2) - ANS-1) Two NVGs 2) One spot light Purpose of Flash Report - ANS-Form generated locally to inform the chain of command of incidents during the operation FC Form 2120 - ANS-Airborne Operations Flash Report Where is Drop Zone information recorded? - ANS-AF IMT 3823 Two types of Drop Zones - ANS-1) Tactical 2) Existing Using Unit - ANS-Whose equipment and personnel is being dropped Where does the DZST send the DZ survey to? - ANS-The nearest active duty tactics office for review How long are DZ surveys good for? - ANS-5 years Safety-of-Flight Review - ANS-- Completed by nearest group tactics office - In-depth chart study of terrain features along the route of flight from IP to a distance of approximately 4 nautical miles past the DZ trailing edge Zone Availability Report (ZAR) - ANS-Consolidated listing of DZs & LZs maintained by Headquarters Air Mobility Command (HQAMC) for use by DOD A/C Direction & Guidance for DZ & LZ operations - ANS-AFI 12-217 When is a Tactical DZ Survey performed? - ANS-During exercises and contingencies, when time or situation does not permit completion of a full DZ survey Who accepts risk/responsibility for tactical assessments? - ANS-A/C safety of flight- airlift unit Injury to personnel or damage to equipment - receiving unit For CARP what does the DZST leader & DZ party do? - ANS-The mark the point of impact on a surveyed DZ AFI 11-231 - ANS-CARP Procedures Minimum C-130 CDS P.I. from approach end - ANS-Day - 200 yds Night - 250 yds CDS C-141 P.I. distance from end - ANS-Day - 225 yds Night - 275 yds C-130/C-141/C-5 Personnel P.I. Distance from approach End - ANS-Day - 300 yds Night - 350 yds C-130/C-141/C-5 Equipment Drop P.I. from approach end - ANS-Day - 500 yds Night - 550 yds C-17 CDS P.I. from approach end - ANS-Day - 225 yds Night - 275 yds C-17 Personnel P.I. distance from approach end - ANS-Day - 300 yds Night - 350 yds C- 17 Equipment P.I. distance from approach end - ANS-Day - 500 yds Night - 550 yds C-17 Personnel P.I. Distance from Sides - ANS-Offset PI = 250 yds left or right of calculated center PI or 1/2 minimum width for that type of A/C P.I. Distance from sides - ANS-Must be at least 1/2 minimum width far for that type of A/C Air Force codes for marking rectangular DZs - ANS-JCARS Air Force codes for marking circular DZs - ANS-HO Minimum # of panels & size for day letter marking - ANS-9 panels 35 ft X 35 ft RAM placement - ANS-On PI along with drop heading Minimum Day P.I. marking - ANS-The DZSTL must mark the PI with either a RAM or combo RAM w/AF code Raised Angle Marker (RAM) dimensions - ANS-6 feet (L) X 7 feet (W) Marking CARP Drop Zone at night (3) - ANS-(1) A code letter placed at the P.I. (2) One flanker light placed 250m to the left & right abeam of the P.I. If terrain restricts placement, the aircrew will be briefed (3) Trailing edge amber light placed 1000m, centerline, from the shape designator at the PI or at the trailing edge of surveyed DZ, whichever is closer to P.I. Offset P.I. for 3-ship formations - ANS-250 yds left/right Offset P.I. for 2-ship operations - ANS-125 yds left/right Purpose of offset P.I.s - ANS-Reduces the effects of wake turbulence across the DZ Where to find Safety-of-flight review regulation(s) - ANS-AFI 13-217 paragraph 2.22.1.2 P.I. for circular DZ - ANS-Normally at the DZ center Random Points of Impact (2) - ANS-Option 1: Mission Commander notifies DZSTL NLT 24 hrs in advance that RPI will be used. DZSTL then randomly selects a point on DZ as PI Option 2: Mission Commander may request the DZ be established at a specific point on the DZ CARP Control Center (CC) for Personnel & Door Bundles - ANS-At the P.I. CARP CC location for CDS drops - ANS-200 yds to 6 o'clock of the P.I.