Physics 131H1S: Friction, Drag, and Newton's Laws, Summaries of Law

A class handout for phy131h1s, covering topics such as friction, static and kinetic friction, rolling without slipping, and examples of newton's second law. Students are expected to solve problems related to these topics, including calculating the force of static and kinetic friction, and determining the maximum force that can keep an object at rest. The document also introduces the concept of rolling friction and air resistance.

Typology: Summaries

2021/2022

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PHY131H1S – Class 10
Today:
Friction, Drag
Rolling without
slipping
Examples of Newton’s
Second Law
Problem Set 3 on
MasteringPhysics due
Friday at 11:59PM
Microscopic bumps and holes
crash into each other, causing
a frictional force.
Static Friction
The box is in static
equilibrium, so the static
friction must exactly balance
the pushing force:
Static Friction
There’s clearly a limit to how big fscan get. If you
push hard enough, the object slips and starts to
move. In other words, the static friction force has a
maximum possible size fsmax
.
An object remains at rest as long as fs< fsmax
.
The object slips when fs= fsmax
.
A static friction force fs> fsmaxis not
physically possible.
where the proportionality constant μsis called
the coefficient of static friction.
A wooden block weighs 100 N, and is sitting
stationary on a smooth horizontal concrete
surface. The coefficient of static friction between
wood and concrete is 0.2. A 5 N horizontal force
is applied to the block, pushing toward the right.
What is the force of static friction of the concrete
on the block?
A. 100 N, to the left
B. 20 N, to the left
C. 5 N, to the left
D. 20 N, to the right
E. 5 N, to the right
A wooden block weighs 100 N, and is sitting
stationary on a smooth horizontal concrete
surface. The coefficient of static friction between
wood and concrete is 0.2. A horizontal force is
applied to the block, pushing toward the right.
What is the maximum pushing force you can
apply and have the block remain stationary?
A. 200 N
B. 100 N
C. 20 N
D. 10 N
E. 5 N
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PHY131H1S – Class 10

Today:

  • Friction, Drag
  • Rolling without

slipping

  • Examples of Newton’s

Second Law

Problem Set 3 on

MasteringPhysics due

Friday at 11:59PM

Microscopic bumps and holes crash into each other, causing a frictional force.

Static Friction

The box is in static equilibrium, so the static friction must exactly balance the pushing force:

Static Friction

There’s clearly a limit to how big f s can get. If you push hard enough, the object slips and starts to move. In other words, the static friction force has a maximum possible size f s max.

  • An object remains at rest as long as f s < f s max.
  • The object slips when f s = f s max.
  • A static friction force f s > f s max is not physically possible.

where the proportionality constant μ s is called the coefficient of static friction.

A wooden block weighs 100 N, and is sitting stationary on a smooth horizontal concrete surface. The coefficient of static friction between wood and concrete is 0.2. A 5 N horizontal force is applied to the block, pushing toward the right. What is the force of static friction of the concrete on the block? A. 100 N, to the left B. 20 N, to the left C. 5 N, to the left D. 20 N, to the right E. 5 N, to the right

A wooden block weighs 100 N, and is sitting stationary on a smooth horizontal concrete surface. The coefficient of static friction between wood and concrete is 0.2. A horizontal force is applied to the block, pushing toward the right. What is the maximum pushing force you can apply and have the block remain stationary?

A. 200 N B. 100 N C. 20 N D. 10 N E. 5 N

Kinetic Friction

The kinetic friction force is proportional to the magnitude of the normal force.

where the proportionality constant μ k is called the coefficient of kinetic friction.

A wooden block weighs 100 N, and is sliding to the right on a smooth horizontal concrete surface at a speed of 5 m/s. The coefficient of kinetic friction between wood and concrete is 0.1. A 5 N horizontal force is applied to the block, pushing toward the right. What is the force of kinetic friction of the concrete on the block? A. 100 N, to the left B. 10 N, to the left C. 5 N, to the left D. 10 N, to the right E. 5 N, to the right

Rolling without slipping Rolling Friction

  • Due to the fact that the wheel is soft, and so is the surface upon which it is rolling. Plowing effect produces a force which slows down the rolling.

f r = μr n

Drag

  • Air resistance, or drag, is complex and involves fluid dynamics.
  • For objects on Earth, with speeds between 1 and 100 m/s and size between 1 cm and 2 m, there is an approximate equation which predicts the magnitude of air resistance 3 2

D =( 0. 25 kg/m) Av

where A is the cross-sectional area of the object, and v is the speed.

  • The direction of air resistance, or Drag Force, is opposite to the direction of motion.
  • It depends on size and shape, but not mass.