Muhammad Saquib Qureshi
PhD (Fellow) University of Karachi
+92 333 2243031
drsaquibqur[email protected]
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Statins: Mechanism of Action, Uses, Side Effects, and Clinical Considerations, Exams of Pharmacology
An overview of statins, their mechanism of action, uses in primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and hyperlipidemia, side effects, and clinical considerations including drug interactions and dosing recommendations.
Typology: Exams
2017/2018
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Muhammad Saquib Qureshi
PhD (Fellow) University of Karachi +92 333 2243031 [email protected]
Statins are among the most widely used medicines in cardiovascular pharmacology It is also known as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins have been around in 1987. Then it was Lovastatin that was first marketed but many more have since been developed. Lovastatin is a naturally occurring statin found in small quantities in food such as Oyster mushrooms and red yeast rice.
Statins are used for the primary and secondary prevention of CVDs as well as primary hyperlipidiema. Primary prevention: Statins are used to reduce the risk from serious CVDs event, such as heart attack and stroke, in patients over the age of 40 who present with a real and significant long- term risk. Secondary prevention: Statins help reduce the risk of additional CVDs events in patients with pre-existing CVDs. Hyperlipidemia: statins are used to reduce harmful levels of cholesterol in the blood stream Elevated levels of cholesterol are linked to CVDs. Statins work to lower harmful LDL cholesterol and reduce the long term risk of heart attack and stroke. Primary and Secondary prevention of CVDs
Statins are HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. HMG-CoA reductase is an enzyme that is rate limiting enzyme in the mevalonate pathway. Mevalonate is part of an enzyme cascade that leads to cholesterol synthesis. By competitively inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme, statins reduce LDL levels in blood. Mechanism of Action
Statins are generally very well tolerated. However, they do come with their own risk. Common side effects include Gastrointestinal disturbances Headache Serious side effects include Muscle pain Diabeties Elevated liver enzymes Side effects
Before administering statins, we must know
- Statins should be used with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.
- Statins are excreted via the kidneys, doses should be reduced in patients with renal disfunction.
- Gemfibrozil, when taken with statins, the risk of rhabdomyolysis increases. Gemfibrozil is a fibrate that also lowers cholesterol levels. Clinical considerations