Total Quality Management ( HU4106) 2
Learning Objectives
Introduction
Pareto Diagram
Process Flow Diagram
Cause-and-Effect Diagram
Check Sheets
Statistical Fundamentals
Introduction to Control Charts
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Statistical Process Control-Total Quality Management-Lecture Slides, Slides of Total Quality Management (TQM)
This lecture is part of lecture series on Total Quality Management course. It was delivered by Prof. Basudha Ahluwalia at Alliance University. Its main points are: Pareto, Diagram, Process, Flow, Cause, Effect, Check, Sheets, Statistical, Fundamentals
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2011/2012
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Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Learning Objectives^
Introduction
Pareto Diagram
Process Flow Diagram
Cause-and-Effect Diagram
Check Sheets
Statistical Fundamentals
Introduction to Control Charts
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Learning Objectives
State of Control
Examples
TQM Exemplary Organisation
NOTE
Topics in “Blue” are for students to read andunderstand.
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Introduction
Statistical process control (SPC) involves usingstatistical techniques to measure and analyse thevariation in processes. Most often used formanufacturing processes, the intent of SPC is tomonitor product quality and maintain processes tofixed targets. Statistical quality control refers tousing statistical techniques for measuring andimproving the quality of processes and includes SPC in addition to other techniques, such assampling plans, experimental design, variationreduction, process capability analysis, and processimprovement plans.
(Net.)
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Introduction
SPC is used to monitor the consistency ofprocesses used to manufacture a product asdesigned. It aims to get and keep processes undercontrol. No matter how good or bad the design,SPC can ensure that the product is beingmanufactured as designed and intended. Thus,SPC will not improve a poorly designed product'sreliability, but can be used to maintain theconsistency of how the product is made and,therefore, of the manufactured product itself and itsas-designed reliability .
(Net.)
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Pareto Diagram
Pareto diagrams are named after Vilfredo Pareto,an Italian sociologist and economist, who inventedthis method of information presentation toward theend of the 19th century. Bars are arranged indecreasing order from left to right along theabscissa. The fundamental idea behind the use ofPareto diagrams for quality improvement is thatthe first few (as presented on the diagram)contributing causes to a problem usually accountfor the majority of the result. Thus, targeting these"major causes" for elimination results in the mostcost-effective improvement scheme
(Net.)
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Pareto Diagram
A Pareto diagram are used to identifythe most important problems whenlisting them in descending order,however, the graph has the advantageof providing a visual impact, showingthose vital few characteristics that needattention. Resources are then directedto take the necessary corrective action.
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Construction of Pareto Diagram
There are five steps; Determine the method of classifying thedata: by problem, cause, nonconformityand so on. Decide currency, frequency or both areto be used to rank the characteristics. Collect data for an appropriate timeinterval or use historical data .
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Construction of Pareto Diagram
Summarise the data and rank order categories from the largest to smallest. Construct the diagram and find the vital few .
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Pareto Diagram
(Example)
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Process Flow Diagram
Another useful tool is process flowdiagram, which in fact is quite simple ifchecked and follow against any working oroperational activity. Figure
(next slide)
shows the flow of the product or service as it moves through thevarious processing operations. The diagram makes it easy to visualise theentire system, identify potential troublespots and locate control activities.
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Process Flow Diagram
Improvement in the process flow canbe accomplished by changing,reducing, combining or eliminatingsteps.
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Cause-and Effective Diagram
The cause & effect diagram is the brainchildof Kaoru Ishikawa, who pioneered qualitymanagement processes in the Kawasakishipyards, and in the process became one ofthe founding fathers of modern management.The cause and effect diagram is used toexplore all the potential or real causes (orinputs) that result in a single effect (oroutput).
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Cause-and Effective Diagram
Total Quality Management
( HU4106)
Cause-and Effective Diagram
Causes in a cause & effect diagram are frequently arranged into four majorcategories. While these categories canbe anything, you will often see: