Theoretical/Conceptual Framework (Del Pilar/Bustamante)
This study is anchored to educational productivity theory of Walberg (1981) which
states that there are three general variables as well as its several sub-variables that
primarily affects academic performance. The instruction and environment are pivotal
variables that differentiate Modular and Online learning modality. The affected variable
is the student’s academic performance.
The independent variable in the study the new learning modalities namely online
and modular learning and the dependent variables are the students’ academic
performance which consists of the submission of outputs, study habit and grades.
Furthermore, the independent variable is the accumulation of several different
factors according to Walberg’s theory, which are as follows; First is aptitude which
consists of a student’s ability, age and motivation. Second is instruction which comprises
of its quantity and quality. Lastly, the environment which consists of classroom climate,
home environment, peer group and exposure to media. The dependent variable will be
separated into three categories based on Walberg’s theory; Submission of outputs, Study
habit (Behavioral), and Grades (Cognitive).
