Stellar Lifetimes, Slides of Astronomy

The Sun has a main-sequence lifetime of 10 billion years. What about the other stars? So, it's easy! .

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2022/2023

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Stellar Lifetimes
The Sun (and all stars) will eventually run out of
fuel (hydrogen in regions where it is hot enough
for fusion).
If all the hydrogen in the Sun could fuse to helium,
the Sun’s lifetime would be 100 billion years.
But, by the time about 10% of the Suns H has
been converted into He the solar structure will be
changed and it will not be a main-sequence star.
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Stellar Lifetimes

  • The Sun (and all stars) will eventually run out of fuel (hydrogen in regions where it is hot enough for fusion).
  • If all the hydrogen in the Sun could fuse to helium, the Sun’s lifetime would be 100 billion years.
  • But, by the time about 10% of the Sun’s H has been converted into He the solar structure will be changed and it will not be a main-sequence star.

Stellar Lifetimes

  • The Sun has a main-sequence lifetime of 10 billion years. What about the other stars? (1) The fuel for stars is mass (2) The fuel consumption rate is Luminosity So, it’s easy! † Life m - s μ Mass Lu min osity

Stellar Lifetimes

  • So based on the extra fuel, you expect this star to live longer than the Sun, but this is more than counteracted by the high rate of using the fuel. This is the general trend. Massive stars are like gas-guzzling SUVs Low-mass stars are Toyota Prius.

1,000, 10, 100 1

Temperature 50000 20000 7000 4000 L(L o ) Lifetimes can be read from a plot of Mass vs L 0.1M o 0.3M o 1M o 6M o 10M o

  • We call these objects `Brown Dwarfs’

Lower Mass Limit for Stars

  • We now can see why there is a lower limit for the mass of a star of about 0.08M o
  • For decreasing mass, the central temperature of a star decreases. At 0.08M o the central temperature drops below 10 million k and it is too cool for P-P fusion!

GL229B (1995)