Story Elements and Techniques: A Comprehensive Guide, Schemes and Mind Maps of English Literature

An in-depth exploration of various story elements and techniques used in literature. Topics covered include setting, characterization, protagonist, antagonist, dynamic vs. Static characters, plot, conflict, point of view, symbolism, foreshadowing, flashback, irony, theme, tone, and mood.

Typology: Schemes and Mind Maps

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Name: ____________________________ Period: _______
Story Elements Notes
Setting
The
time
and
location
in which a story takes place.
Characterization
The process by which the author reveals the
personality of a character.
The author may reveal a character in several ways:
Physical appearance
What he/she does or does not do
What he/she says, thinks, or feels
What others say about him/her
Protagonist
Antagonist
The main character or “hero” of a
story
The one opposed to the
protagonist; opponent
Dynamic Character
Static Character
A character that changes in some
way
A character that stays the same
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Name: ____________________________ Period: _______

Story Elements Notes

Setting

The time and location in which a story takes place.

Characterization

The process by which the author reveals the personality of a character.

The author may reveal a character in several ways:

 Physical appearance

 What he/she does or does not do

 What he/she says, thinks, or feels

 What others say about him/her

Protagonist Antagonist

The main character or “hero” of a

story

The one opposed to the

protagonist; opponent

Dynamic Character Static Character

A character that changes in some

way

A character that stays the same

Plot

The main events in a story. The plot is made up of five main parts.

1. Exposition: The beginning of the story where setting, characters,

and basic conflict is revealed.

2. Rising Action: The middle part of the story during which various

problems arise after the conflict is introduced. The rising action leads

to the climax.

3. Climax: The highest point and the turning point of the story. It is

usually the most intense or exciting event in the story.

4. Falling Action: The events following the climax that leads the reader

to the story’s end.

5. Resolution: The ending of the story. This ties together all loose ends

and reveals how the main conflict is resolved/not resolved.

Symbolism

The use of an object to represent a big idea or deeper meaning.

Foreshadowing

The use of hints or clues to suggest what will happen later in the story.

Flashback

An event or scene that takes place before the present time of the story.

Irony

When the opposite happens of what is expected.

Theme

A central message or moral that an author communicates through the text. A

theme is usually not directly stated in text, but rather suggested or inferred.

Tone

The author’s attitude or feeling toward the story.

Mood

The emotion or feeling that the reader takes from the story. Description,

language, and tone all contribute to the mood.