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STR Practice Study Guide updated last
2023 to pass
Code/Phonics -based approach - correct answer refers to the alphabet. - Focus on alphabet letters, letter groups and distinct speech sounds. - Emphasize learning and combining speech sound units that make up words and applying them to sounding out unfamiliar words meaning based approach - correct answer involves asking a child to read a passage of text that is leveled appropriately for the child, and then asking some explicit, detailed questions about the content of the text (often these are called IRIs). pseudo word assessments - correct answer This assesses students' ability to read unfamiliar, multi-syllabic words, count the correct number of syllables in each word, and identify the vowel spelling patterns in each syllable. morphemic analysis skills - correct answer When a student comes across a new word and breaks it down into segments in order to assess the meaning to certain parts and thus come to a more reasonable definition then just guessing key assessment concepts - correct answer validity, reliability, equity in testing Phonemic awareness - correct answer Refers to the specific ability to focus on and manipulate individual sounds (phonemes) in spoken words. For example, the word 'mat': /m/ /a/ /t/. phoneme - correct answer Smallest unit of speech distinguishing one word (or word element) from another, as the element p in "tap," which separates that word from "tab," "tag," and "tan." Phonological awareness - correct answer A meta-cognitive skill (i.e., an awareness/ability to think about one's own thinking) for the sound structures of language. Allows one to attend to, discriminate, remember, and manipulate sounds at the sentence, word, syllable, and phoneme (sound) level. Phonics - correct answer A method of teaching people to read by correlating sounds with letters or groups of letters in an alphabetic writing system. A way of teaching children how to read and write. For example, when a child is taught the sounds for the letters t, p, a and s, they can start to build up the words: "tap", "taps", "pat", "pats" and "sat". Word identification skills. reciprocity - correct answer Something that can be learned from culture, upbringing, experience or influence, or maybe they're just something you're born knowing.
Decoding - correct answer Involves translating printed words to sounds or reading Encoding - correct answer Using individual sounds to build and write words. Orthographic knowledge - correct answer Refers to the information that is stored in memory that tells us how to represent spoken language in written form. alphabetic principle - correct answer The understanding that there are systematic and predictable relationships between written letters and spoken sounds. prosody - correct answer the expressiveness with which a student reads adage - correct answer A saying or proverb expressing a general truth or philosophical belief etymology - correct answer The study of the origin of words and the way in which their meanings have changed throughout history quantitative dimensions - correct answer Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality qualitative dimensions - correct answer involving quality or kind antonym - correct answer a word that means the opposite of another word visual cueing - correct answer onverbal communication tool that conveys messages to an audience through body movements, hand gestures, facial expressions, eye contact, posture, and interpersonal distance. ex: teacher cups ears and asks the students to listen carefully Phoneme blending - correct answer is the process of smoothly blending phonemes to form words. /M/ /a/ /n/ blends together to make the word man. Phoneme segmentation - correct answer is the process of isolating individual phonemes within a word. Phoneme segmentation - correct answer Consider the word bat. The first sound is /b/, the second sound is /a/, and the last sound is /t/. Phoneme segmentation is particularly important for spelling unknown words when students begin writing. Students need to be able to break the word into phonemes and write the letter(s) that represents each phoneme. Phoneme manipulation - correct answer refers to adding, deleting, or substituting phonemes in words. If I add /s/ to the end of tap, I have taps. If I delete the /h/ in ham, I have am. If I substitute the /b/ in bag with /r/, I have rag.
asset-based approach - correct answer Reading instruction focuses on what children know rather than on what they do not know. stimulus words - correct answer Lesson that have sounds common to both English and the English learner's home language Articulatory feedback - correct answer Includes feeling the position of the tongue and/or lips when making the sound and feeling for the airstream or puff of air. Can also include determining if the sound vibrates (is vocalized) or not when it is produced (e.g., compare /f/ and /v/) or passes through the nose (e.g., /n/, /m/, /ng/). Convergent research recommends using this as a multimodal instructional support for teaching all students letter-sounds, but it is especially critical for English learners for whom certain English sounds may be unfamiliar. Metacognitive strategies - correct answer Techniques to help students develop an awareness of their thinking processes as they learn explicit researched based techniques - correct answer is a way to teach skills or concepts to students using direct, structured instruction. It helps make lessons clear by modeling for students how to start and succeed on a task and giving them ample time to practice. schemata - correct answer an underlying organizational pattern or structure; conceptual framework. The teacher implemented this technique on the subject of weather to help build her students' knowledge about science. heterogeneous cooperative groups - correct answer putting together students of various ability levels preposition - correct answer Tell us where something is in relation to something else. Ex: the boy BEHIND the bush. Tell us when something is in relation to something else. Ex: the calm BEFORE the storm. common noun - correct answer answers the question "What is it?" Ex: What is it? A: It is a bridge. proper noun - correct answer answers the question "What's its name? What's its name? A: It is London Bridge adjective - correct answer words that describe nouns (or pronouns). Ex: "Old," "green," and "cheerful"
adverb - correct answer It tells us how, when, where, why, how often, or how much the action is performed. Allot of these kinds of words in with (ly) Ex: She swims QUICKLY Ex: How: He ran QUICKLY. When: He ran YESTERDAY. Where: He ran HERE. How often: He ran DAILY. How much: He ran FASTEST. complex sentences - correct answer When an independent and a dependent clause join together. Ex: Because my coffee was too cold, I heated it in the microwave. independent clause - correct answer A sentence that can stand alone. Ex: Katie sipped on her cappuccino dependent clause - correct answer not a complete sentence. Ex: While Katie sipped on her cappuccino coordinating conjunctions - correct answer The purpose is to join two independent clauses. Juanita eats healthy, for she wants to stay in shape running records - correct answer A reading assessments portion of your readers' workshop. They're part read aloud assessment (think: fluency assessment) and part observation. The goal is to see how the student is using the strategies you're teaching in class, and second, to find out if the student is ready to advance in a reading-level system. Used to collect information on young readers who are still reading aloud and working on basic skills. Captures both how well a student reads (the number of words they read correctly) and their reading behaviors (what they say and do as they read). At the start of the year, or when you start working with a student, this can help match the student with books that are right for them. Then, you can use subsequent results to track the student's progress. EX: fontas an pennel record sheet Miscue Analysis - correct answer Involves a running record that is used to identify difficulties faced by students when they read. This helps to distinguish reading rate and accuracy. On top of this, it can be used to identify various reading behaviors that may require support. Teachers often use this when trying to obtain information about a student's reading skills. If a child is weak in a particular area, the teacher will pick up on this.
Explicit instruction - correct answer is a way to teach skills or concepts to students using direct, structured instruction. It helps make lessons clear by modeling for students how to start and succeed on a task and giving them ample time to practice. VCCV - correct answer vowel-consonant-consonant-vowel regular words - correct answer can be decoded by sounding out irregular words - correct answer Words that contain letters that stray from the most common sound pronunciation; words that do not follow common phonic patterns (e.g., were, was, laugh, been). VCe - correct answer Stands for Vowel-Consonant-e. The "e" is usually silent. Is usually the last syllable in a root word. If the word has more than 1 syllable, divide before the vowel. examples: ex-ile. take, line, tone, & tune Diagraphs - correct answer two or more letters representing one sound, consonant blends such as sh, ch, th, fr Vowel Diphthongs - correct answer two vowels blending together to make one sound in which both vowels are usually heard oy, ow, ou, and aw. They sometimes referred to as gliding vowels. individual phonemes - correct answer words that you read by using common letters sounds. When learning about the letter 'A' in school, you learn that it often makes the sound that is in words like flag, snap, last, pant, grass, sand, and camp. Morphemes - correct answer the smallest units of meaning within a language Ex: cat(s) (un)breakable WCPM - correct answer words correct per minute Prosodic reading (porosity) - correct answer Reading with expression SSR - correct answer Silent sustained reading Morphology - correct answer the study of the structure of words derivational morphemes - correct answer used to create new words or to "make words of a different grammatical class from the stem" .For example, the addition of -ize changes the adjective normal to the verb normalize. Similarly, we can derive the adjectives helpful and helpless by adding the derivational morphemes -ful and less to the noun help.
inflectional morphemes - correct answer used to show some aspects of the grammatical function of a word. Used to indicate if a word is singular or plural, whether it is past tense or not, and whether it is a comparative or possessive form. QAR - correct answer Question Answer Relationship WCPMC - correct answer words correct per minuet homograph - correct answer a word written the same way as another word but having a different meaning Homophones - correct answer word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning and is spelled differently.
