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Stratigraphy Correlation, Slides of Geology

Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB)Geology

ock type unit e.g. formation or well log intervals (lithostratigraphic correlation) Fossil unit such as biozone (biostratigraphic correlation) Relative age unit or stages (chronostratigraphic correlation) Linear time unit ages (geochronologic correlation)

Typology: Slides

Pre 2010

Available from 08/28/2023

andi-anriansyah
andi-anriansyah 🇮🇩

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bg1
Correlation
basic concepts
•Rock type unit e.g. formation or well log intervals
(lithostratigraphic correlation)
•Fossil unit such as biozone (biostratigraphic
correlation)
•Relative age unit or stages (chronostratigraphic
correlation)
•Linear time unit ages (geochronologic correlation)
Instead of using units, we can also use
correlation based on events or datum planes
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Correlation

basic concepts

• Rock type unit e.g. formation or well log intervals

(lithostratigraphic correlation)

• Fossil unit such as biozone (biostratigraphic

correlation)

• Relative age unit or stages (chronostratigraphic

correlation)

• Linear time unit ages (geochronologic correlation)

Instead of using units, we can also use

correlation based on events or datum planes

Quantitative stratigraphic correlation

  • (^) Matching  lateral traching
  • (^) Composite standart
    • (^) Hay (1972)  matrix permutation
    • (^) Shaw (1964)  graphic correlation
  • (^) CASC

GRAPHIC CORRELATION

  • (^) Ref.
  • Shaw, A.B., 1964. Time in Stratigraphy. New York, McGraw-Hill, 365pp.
  • (^) Mann, K.O. & Lane, H.R. (editors), 1995. Graphic correlation. S.E.P.M. Special Publication, No. 53 , 263pp

Graphic correlation

(Shaw, 1964)

  • (^) Semi-quantitative technique for discovering the temporal

relations between age-equivalent sections

  • (^) Provides a means by which to : A. make temporal correlations within an absolute age scale B. define chronostratigraphic units using all available temporally significant data. C. estimate the confidence limits of ages and correlations D. determine relative rock accumulation rates E. determine length of gaps F. determine stratigraphic offset of faults

Section X Section Y Section Y Section Y Section Y Section X Section X Section X Line of correlation Plot data for events in SRS vs. data same events in second best section on a bivariate plot

Graphic Correlation Procedure

D. Determine the best fit line of correlation (LOC): represents

the locus of all points of time equivalency between the two

sections.

  1. In ideal the case where all FAD's, LAD's etc. represent the same point in time (time origin or extinction, etc.) in both sections the data will plot as a tight monotonic array (generally but not always, linear).
  2. As data depart from synchroneity they move off the line of time equivalency and locating the LOC gets harder.
  3. A range of statistical techniques are used to compute the equation of the LOC. Mostly reduced major axis.
  4. Slope of the line reflects the relative rock accumulation rate between the two sections.

Making composite section

depth Age

(LO=LAD)

(FO=FAD)

Observed bioevents are cross-plotted against a reference

sequence of bioevents calibrated here against the linear time

scale of Haq et al. (1987).

The interpolation

procedure results in the

correlation of terrace-

bounded sequences.

Correlation in CASC

  • (^) Its quantitative correlation method
    • (^) The method combines average sequence methodology and bivariate correlation technique
  • (^) The input for CASC is RASC result (optimized sequence

or scaled optimum sequence).

  • (^) Procedure:
    • (^) Compute the RASC optimum sequence and RASC scaled optimum sequence
    • (^) Eliminated outlier using three normality testing (bivariate graphs, stepmodel and normality testing)
    • (^) Calculate a new optimum sequence after calculate the line of correlation by comparing each individual sequence (observed) of events to the scaled optimum sequence

CASC

  1. Plot the (scaled) optimum sequence of events again their level in a well section
  2. Establish line of correlation by fitting it using cubic spline method. The position of observed event in the individual sequence can be updated according the sequence of event in the optimum sequence. Equal spacing

CASC

  • (^) Calculate events in each well using step no 1 – 4
  • (^) Correlation than can be drawn based on the new depth

estimated.

  • (^) The local error (standard deviation of each event in each

well) can be estimated from tightness of event relative to

line of correlation and the line of observation in the y-

directional.

Stratigraphic correlation of three sections by 3 methods. Palmer's (1955) zones and Shaw's (1964) Riley Standard Time (R.S.T.) value correlation lines are superimposed on RASC results using lines of correlation as the one for the Morgan Creek section shown. Error bars extend one standard deviation on either side of probable locations for RASC distance values equal to 2.0, 5.0 and 6.0, respectively. The uncertainty of the correlation lines increases in the stratigraphically downward direction due to higher sedimentation rate (from Agterberg, 1990).