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The concept of critical thinking and its significance in constructing ideas and arguments in an argumentative essay. It discusses various research on students' critical thinking abilities in writing argumentative essays and the importance of critical thinking in education. The document also highlights the skills involved in critical thinking and the critical thinking process.
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A Thesis
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for S-1 Degree
By
Dewi Khoirunnisa NPM : 161104 0326
Study Program : English Education
Advisor : Prof. Dr. Idham Kholid, M.Ag Co-Advisor : Satria Adi Pradana, M.Pd
A Thesis
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for S-1 Degree
By Dewi Khoirunnisa NPM : 161104 0326
Study Program : English Education
Advisor : Prof. Dr. Idham Kholid, M.Ag Co-Advisor : Satria Adi Pradana, M.Pd
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I am a student with the following identity:
Name : Dewi Khoirunnisa NPM : 1611040326 Thesis : Students’ Critical Thinking in Their Argumentative Essay at Fourth Semester of UIN Raden Intan Lampung
Certify that this thesis is definitely my own work. I am completely responsible for the contents of this thesis. Other researchers’ opinion or research findings included in the thesis are quoted and cited in accordance with ethical standards.
Bandar Lampung, October, 14th 2021 Declared by,
Dewi Khoirunnisa NPM.
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(5) For indeed, with hardship (will be) ease. (6) Indeed, with hardship (will be) ease. (7) So when you have finished (your duties), then stand up (for worship).^1
(Q.S Al–Inshirah : 5- 7 )
(^1) Surah al-Inshirah: Peace and Solace for Troubled Hearts , Accessed on: https://www.kitabalquran.com/2017/01/surah-ash-sharh-in- english.html?m=
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This thesis is dedicated to everyone who cares and loves me in everyway. I would like to dedicate this thesis to:
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Alhamdulillah, all praise to Allah SWT the almighty for this merciful and beneficent, for blessing me with mercy and guidance to finish this thesis. The peace is upon our prophet Muhammad SAW, with his family and followers. This thesis entitled ”Students’ Critical Thinking in Their Argumentative Essay at Fourth Semester of UIN Raden Intan Lampung” is submitted as compulsory fulfillment of the requirements for S1 degree of English Education Program at Tarbiyah and Teacher Training Faculty of Islamic State University of Raden Intan Lampung. Therefore, gratitude and appreciation, expressed especially to:
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Page COVER ........................................................................................... TITLE PAGE ................................................................................ i ABSTRACT .................................................................................. ii DECLARATION ......................................................................... iii APPROVAL ................................................................................ iv ADMISSION................................................................................. v MOTTO ....................................................................................... vi DEDICATION ............................................................................ vii CURRICULUM VITAE ........................................................... viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................... ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................. x LIST OF TABLES .................................................................... xiii LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................... xiv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................. 1 A. Background of the Problem ........................... 1 B. Identification of the Problem ......................... 6 C. Limitation of the Problem ............................ 6 D. Formulation of the Problem .......................... 6 E. Objective of the Research ............................. 7 F. Significance of the Research ........................ 7 G. Scope of the Research .................................. 7
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ......... 9 A. Critical Thinking ........................................... 9
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A. Conclusion ................................................ 69 B. Suggestion ................................................ 70
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A. Background of the Problem
Writing is an ability that has purposes as a means to communicate the language in a written form through the cognitive and organizational strategies in the process. Through writing, students can convey ideas, feelings, or opinions in readable form, meanwhile writing is not simply activity which can be completed spontaneously, otherwise writing involves complex things and requires effort. Raimes said that writing is skill of express our ideas which are arranged in words, sentences, and paragraphs by using part of body which are eyes, brain, and hands^1. In university degree, essay writing is the most important part of writing levels in which the undergraduate students need to master. Oshima et al explied that writing an essay is more difficult than writing a paragraph except that an essay is longer^2. Students and educator capability are the important things in teaching and learning writing aspect, the educator must be the qualified one that understand deeply about writing. In fact, there are kinds of problem that students face in making an essay, finding difficulties in elaborating their ideas, making every sentences coherence and unity, supporting the main idea of each paragraph. From Meslissorgou and Frantzi, they said that the obstacles of writing derive from many aspects as the foregone researches such as vocabulary, diction, grammatical features, exploring and
(^1) Ann Raimes, Techniquee in Teaching Writing (London: Oxford American English, 1983), p.3 2 Alice Oshima and Ann Hogue, (4th^ Edition), Writing Academic English (Pearson Longman, 2006), p.
elaborate well their ideas related to the topic or the theme they have given.^6 From the statement above, pointed that there are some factors support students in making an essay, and critical thinking include to one of many factors. In expressing their ideas students need to write critically, for they should have critical thinking. Based on some levels of writing, the most appropriate level for foster critical thinking is argumentative essay writing. Argumentative essay is an essay in which the writer uses some reasons to espouse their opinion about the problem that they agree or disagree. Critical thinking helps students to construct ideas, especially opinions and arguments in making an argumentative essay. On the other side, Barnet et al stated that students and instructor agreed to develop students‟ thoughtful arguments, they should be able to imagine an audience and write effectively^7. By using appropriate style and appropriate amount of detail students able to present their arguments in orderly and coherence, be careful of their own assumptions, find resources and integrate them by their own writing not only by simply quoting and pharaprashing but also by having digested material so they can present it in their own word. Document of all borrowed quotations, paraphrases and ideas also the important aspect, in order to strengthen evidences and reasons which support their arguments. Concluded that there were some factors that affect students in making an essay, for this research conduct to know students‟ critical thinking level in their argumentative essay. Warnick and Inch define critical thinking as an ability to explore a problem, question or situation, integrate all the available information about it, arrive a solution or hypothesis, and justify
(^6) Nurul Puspita, Interview with the English Lecturer(UIN Raden Intan Lampung), April, 14th 2021, unpublished. 7 Sylvan Barnet et al , Critical Thinking, Reading and Writing: A Brief Guide to Argument. Seventh Edition. Boston, Newyork,2010. p. 3
one‟s position.”^8 which means critical thinking is an ability in exploring the problem, question or situation to deepen understanding about it, integrating all the information that related to the case or problem, seeing more possibility, connecting and building idea to arrive the solution and making the decision. The critical thinking skill is an essential life skill among the 21st-century, skills which guides an individual to make an independent and emancipated decision.^9 In the recent years, teaching the critical thinking skill to students and improving their basic language skills such as reading, listening, speaking and writing have been emphasized in the preparation of educational curriculum in modern and democratic societies. The previous research in critical thinking and argumentative essay was conducted by Hasaniyah in her thesis tittled “An Analysis of The Students‟ Critical Thinking in Writing Argumentative Essay”.^10 The population of the research was students of English teacher education program at UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya at fourth semester, this research focused on students‟ level and also the way they apply the critical thinking in their writing. She used qualitative research design on her thesis, and the Rubric of the students‟ critical thinking which is adapted from PIER Macmillan Yale Education wesite to analyze students‟ critical thinking level and questionnaire to know students‟ ability in applying their critical thinking. The other previous research was conducted by Anggraeny and Putra tittled “Critical Thinking in Students‟ Process of Writing the Argumentative Essay ”^11 aimed to investigate the writing process
(^8) Raana Ramezani, et. al. “The Relationship between Critical Thinking and EFL Learners‟ Speaking Ability”.( English Language Teaching; Vol. 9, No. 6; 2016. 9 p. Epcacan Cahit. “A review on the relationship between critical thinking skills and learning domains of Turkish Language”. (Educational Research and Reviews; Vol. 14(3), pp. 67-77, 10 February, 2019). 10 p. Siti Maghfirotun Hasaniyah. “An Analysis of The Students’ Critical Thinking in Writing Argumentative Essay” 11 UIN Sunan Ampel, 2017 Eka Anggraeny et al, “Critical Thinking in Students‟ Process of Writing the Argumentative Essay ”
