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Psychology Exam Study Guide: History, Research Strategies, and The Biology of the Mind, Slides of Psychology

Université Libre de BruxellesPsychology

This study guide provides an overview of key concepts for an psychology exam, covering the history and scope of psychology, research strategies, and the biology of the mind. Topics include the major psychological perspectives, research methods, and neural and hormonal systems. Understand the difference between experimental and applied psychologists, learn about the scientific method and ethics, and explore the functions of various parts of the nervous system.

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2021/2022

Uploaded on 08/05/2022

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EXAM 1 – STUDY GUIDE
Check the syllabus for the exact number of questions of the exam. Most of the questions will be based on material
covered in lecture. It is also important that you read the chapters in the textbook – there will be questions that will
come directly from the textbook (material not covered in lecture). If you can answer the questions on this study
guide… you should have no problem with the exam. I am going to focus on the big concepts. If want you to be able
to understand and apply the material … not just spit back the facts.
Module 1- The History and Scope of Psychology
1. What is psychology?
a. Why do we care about psychology?
2. What are the major psychological perspectives?
a. What is the psychoanalytic perspective?
b. What is the behaviorist perspective?
c. What is the humanistic perspective?
d. What is the cognitive perspective?
e. What is the biopsychology perspective?
f. What is the social and cultural perspective?
g. What is the evolutionary perspective?
3. What is the difference between an experimental psychologist and an applied psychologist?
4. What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
Module 2- Research Strategies: How Psychologists Answer Questions
1. How do we study psychology?
a. What is empiricism/empirical evidence?
b. Why should we avoid bias?
c. Why should we replicate studies?
2. Be able to explain why psychology is a science.
a. What is the scientific method? Why is following the scientific method important?
b. What are the steps for gathering and evaluating evidence?
c. What is a theory? How is it different from a hypothesis?
3. What is an operational definition? Why do researchers use operational definitions?
a. Be able to identify an operational definition from other types of definitions.
4. What are the general principles of psychological research?
a. What are ethics?
i. What is informed consent?
ii. What is debriefing?
iii. Why do we need to worry about deception?
9. What are the differences between descriptive, correlational, biological, and experimental research methods?
a. What are descriptive research methods?
i. What is naturalistic observation?
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Download Psychology Exam Study Guide: History, Research Strategies, and The Biology of the Mind and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity!

EXAM 1 – STUDY GUIDE

Check the syllabus for the exact number of questions of the exam. Most of the questions will be based on material covered in lecture. It is also important that you read the chapters in the textbook – there will be questions that will come directly from the textbook (material not covered in lecture). If you can answer the questions on this study guide… you should have no problem with the exam. I am going to focus on the big concepts. If want you to be able to understand and apply the material … not just spit back the facts.

Module 1- The History and Scope of Psychology

  1. What is psychology? a. Why do we care about psychology?
  2. What are the major psychological perspectives? a. What is the psychoanalytic perspective? b. What is the behaviorist perspective? c. What is the humanistic perspective? d. What is the cognitive perspective? e. What is the biopsychology perspective? f. What is the social and cultural perspective? g. What is the evolutionary perspective?
  3. What is the difference between an experimental psychologist and an applied psychologist?
  4. What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?

Module 2- Research Strategies: How Psychologists Answer Questions

  1. How do we study psychology?

a. What is empiricism/empirical evidence? b. Why should we avoid bias? c. Why should we replicate studies?

  1. Be able to explain why psychology is a science. a. What is the scientific method? Why is following the scientific method important? b. What are the steps for gathering and evaluating evidence? c. What is a theory? How is it different from a hypothesis?
  2. What is an operational definition? Why do researchers use operational definitions? a. Be able to identify an operational definition from other types of definitions.
  3. What are the general principles of psychological research? a. What are ethics? i. What is informed consent? ii. What is debriefing? iii. Why do we need to worry about deception?
  4. What are the differences between descriptive, correlational, biological, and experimental research methods? a. What are descriptive research methods? i. What is naturalistic observation?

ii. What is a case study? iii. What are surveys?

b. What are experiments? i. What is an independent variable? What is a dependent variable? Be able to identify from examples. ii. What is an experimental group? What is a control group? What is random sampling? iii. What do researchers need to avoid when designing experiments? How do researchers avoid bias?

c. What are correlational studies? i. How is correlational research different from experimental research? ii. What is meant by the statement “correlation does not tell us anything about causation”?

Module 3- The Biology of the Mind: Neural and Hormonal Systems

  1. What is a neuron? a. Be able to identify the parts of a neuron and their primary functions [cell body, dendrite, axon, terminal buttons, myelin sheath]. b. What is the difference between a myelinated and unmyelinated neuron?
  2. How do neurons communicate? What is meant by the term “electrochemical”?
  3. What is an action potential? Why is an action potential considered all-or-none?

a. What is threshold? What is resting potential?

  1. What are synapses? a. What is synaptic transmission? How do neurons talk to each other? b. What are neurotransmitters? i. Be able to describe the effect dopamine, serotonin, acetylcholine, GABA, and norepinephrine have on the nervous system. ii. What is an agonist? What is an antagonist? c. What are synaptic vesicles? Where are synaptic vesicles located?
  2. What is the nervous system? a. What is difference between the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS)? b. What makes up the PNS? i. What is the autonomic nervous system? ii. What is the parasympathetic nervous system? iii. What is the sympathetic nervous system? iv. What is the somatic nervous system?