Download AICE Marine AS Level Exam Study Guide: Trophic Levels, Ecosystems, and Coral Reefs and more Exams Marine Science and Biology in PDF only on Docsity!
~Study Guide~ AICE MARINE AS LEVEL
EXAM with correct answers
Trophic level - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔"feeding level" in a food chain or food web primary producer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔autotrophs (self feeders) ex: phytoplankton primary consumer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔herbivores feed directly on primary producer secondary consumer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔carnivores that feed on herbivores tertiary consumer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔carnivores that feed on other carnivores top predators - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔carnivores at the top of the food chain succession - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔gradual change in an ecosystem that occurs over a period of time
EX: volcano erupts/creates a flow of lava/species of coral begins to grow/species adapts & grows over time predator - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an animal that catches, kills, and eats another animal EX: Carnivorous fish eating plankton/fish prey - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔animals that are eaten by predators. they may use survival tactics such as camouflage EX: starfish eat shellfish however this predator-prey relationship is necessary to keep the balance in an ecosystem keystone species - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Consumers that have a LARGE effect on the overall biodiversity on an ecosystem... Example: starfish (If starfish are removed from a community-- mussel & sea urchin populations dramatically increase) shoaling - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔large #s of fish in the same species coming together in a "social" way shoaling advantages - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) hydrodynamic frequency
- more eyes to seek out feed
- more eyes to seek out predators
typically found in the photic zone of clear water sandy shores (biodiversity) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔low biodiversity not stable hydrothermal environments (biodiversity) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔- extreme environment -high temperatures & high pressure -no sunlight -low biodiversity -LOW pH producer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔provide food for other organisms in food web/ food chain photoautotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔use light energy chemoautotrophs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔use chemical energy consumer - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an organism that feeds off of other living organisms eutrophication - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔body of water becomes enriched in nutrients in order to obtain growth
ecological niche - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔the role that an organism plays in an ecosystem SPECIALIZED ecological niche - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an organism can survive within very narrow physical/biological/chemical parameters (typically have very little food requirements) GENERALIZED ecological niche - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔organisms that can experience a wide range of food/habitats competition - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔both species are NEGATIVELY impacted mutualism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔both species BENEFIT parasitism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one species BENEFITS and the other SUFFERS commensalism - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔one species BENEFITS without affecting (positively or negatively) the other organism primary productivity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔rate of production of biomass through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis how to measure productivity - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) rate of increase in biomass in producers
biological use of NITROGEN - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔makes proteins ocean acidification (effects) - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔dissolves things made of calcium carbonate fringing - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔closest to shore (most common) barrier - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔separated from mainland by lagoon atoll - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔ring of sand/coral/land with a central lagoon. occurs after volcano sinks hermatypic (SHALLOW) corals - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-made up of small individual coral polyps -skeleton made up of calcium carbonate -have a mutual, symbiotic relationship with zooxanthellae deep corals - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔-lack zooxanthellae -lack color (WHITE) -grow much slower methods used to reconstruct the history of coral reef - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) carbon dating
- geomorpholical analysis
- drilling artificial reefs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔habitat for other organisms & a growth site for new coral polyps examples of artificial reefs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) ships
- tanks
- steel boxes
- boats
- docks
- bridges
- subway cars importance of ~natural~ coral reefs - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) provide habitats/shelter for marine organisms
- protect coastlines from storms and wave action
- bring in tourism - help local communities bc of $$$ causes of reef erosion - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔1) predation
- storms/tornados
- exposure to air
- erosion
- boat anchors
mid ocean ridge - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔long, seismically active ridge in the middle of an ocean basin abyssal plain - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor tsunami - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔a long/high sea wave caused by an earthquake
