STUDY GUIDE

Your Midterm Exam will cover Chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 as well as all lecture material, daily discussions and

information presented in internship presentations. Anything from this material listed is fair game on the test. The

following topics highlight many of the items we have covered so far.

Exam contains 50 questions worth 2 points each for a total of 100 points.

1. 30 multiple choice questions worth 60 points.

2. 10 matching questions worth 20 points.

3. 10 fill in the blank questions with a word bank worth 20 points.

History of Sport Management PowerPoint

- What are the three types of management systems?

Club System – European Soccer

League System – American Sport

Tournament – Golf, Tennis, etc.

- Understand the main tenets and examples of the club system, the American league system and tournaments.

- Know the significance of harness racing.

American League structure grew out of harness racing

1st National pastime and professional sport

Managed by track owners and race promoters instead of wealthy clubmen

- Birthplace of sport management?

Ohio University - 1966

Chapter 1 – Managing Sport in the 21st Century

- What are the four unique aspects that justify sport management as a distinct area of professional preparation?

Be able to briefly explain each of the areas.

Own financial structures

- different because significant portion of revenue not from the sale of a service such as a game but from

extraneous sources such as TV rights, concessions, road guarantees, parking, and merchandise

- always competing for the discretionary funds of consumers

- consumers spend more money outside the sporting arena than they spend on the sport itself (travel,

souvenirs, equipment)

Own marketing systems

- consumed as quickly as produced and can’t be reproduced exactly the same each time

- perishable product – has a short “shelf life”

- uncertain – can’t predict the outcome

Sport is social institution

- sport is a distinctive social activity that is frequently the basis of a person’s social identity

oimportant to understand and appreciate the social and cultural implications of sporting

activities

several pages in newspaper

cable channels

own slot in TV and radio news

Various sport industry career paths

-historically bureaucratic model was used. This lends itself to “old boys network”, limits networking and

social responsibility, and reduces influence of underrepresented groups”

-times are changing…Competency-Based Models are now pervasive in sport organizations; also good

understanding of business principle

-volunteering and networking are critical to success

- Definition of sport (according to Pitts) and sport management. Is cheerleading a sport? NASCAR?

“all people, activities, businesses, and organizations involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, or

organizing any product that is sport, fitness, and recreation related”

- cheerleading – yes

- NASCAR – no

- difference – gross physical skill

- Sport vs. play vs. games vs. work

- play

ounstructured

oanyone can play

ofew to no rules

ogoal is to have fun

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STUDY GUIDE

Your Midterm Exam will cover Chapters 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 10 as well as all lecture material, daily discussions and information presented in internship presentations. Anything from this material listed is fair game on the test. The following topics highlight many of the items we have covered so far. Exam contains 50 questions worth 2 points each for a total of 100 points.

30 multiple choice questions worth 60 points.
10 matching questions worth 20 points.
10 fill in the blank questions with a word bank worth 20 points. History of Sport Management PowerPoint

What are the three types of management systems? Club System – European Soccer League System – American Sport Tournament – Golf, Tennis, etc.
Understand the main tenets and examples of the club system, the American league system and tournaments.
Know the significance of harness racing. American League structure grew out of harness racing 1 st^ National pastime and professional sport Managed by track owners and race promoters instead of wealthy clubmen
Birthplace of sport management? Ohio University - 1966 Chapter 1 – Managing Sport in the 21st^ Century
What are the four unique aspects that justify sport management as a distinct area of professional preparation? Be able to briefly explain each of the areas. Own financial structures
different because significant portion of revenue not from the sale of a service such as a game but from extraneous sources such as TV rights, concessions, road guarantees, parking, and merchandise
always competing for the discretionary funds of consumers
consumers spend more money outside the sporting arena than they spend on the sport itself (travel, souvenirs, equipment) Own marketing systems
consumed as quickly as produced and can’t be reproduced exactly the same each time
perishable product – has a short “shelf life”
uncertain – can’t predict the outcome Sport is social institution
sport is a distinctive social activity that is frequently the basis of a person’s social identity o important to understand and appreciate the social and cultural implications of sporting activities  several pages in newspaper  cable channels  own slot in TV and radio news Various sport industry career paths
historically bureaucratic model was used. This lends itself to “old boys network”, limits networking and social responsibility, and reduces influence of underrepresented groups”
times are changing…Competency-Based Models are now pervasive in sport organizations; also good understanding of business principle
volunteering and networking are critical to success
Definition of sport (according to Pitts) and sport management. Is cheerleading a sport? NASCAR? “all people, activities, businesses, and organizations involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, or organizing any product that is sport, fitness, and recreation related”
cheerleading – yes
NASCAR – no
difference – gross physical skill
Sport vs. play vs. games vs. work
play o unstructured o anyone can play o few to no rules o goal is to have fun

games o aspect of play – more structure o competitive o inactive (Madden NFL) vs. active (street hockey)
sport o more specialized, structured, and organized o minimal level of competence to participate o has a defined set of rules o goal is to be successful in the competitive environment o Contested Activities
work o professional athletes  sport can take on work at this level  compensated to perform o high performance athletes  athletes of any age who aspire to become professional athletes  may submit to a regimen of training and competition that prepares them for a professional career
What are discretionary funds? Money left over after necessary expenditures (rent, food, car payment, insurance) have been made
What are sport management competencies and why are these competencies the future for sport organizations? Skills and knowledge necessary for successful performance in the job - volunteering and networking are critical to success
What are the four challenges that sport managers face in all segments of the industry? Technology, ethics, globalization, and social responsibility Chapter 2 – Developing a Professional Perspective
What three components do most sport management preparation programs include?
field experience
core classes
some form of professionalism
What does NASSM stand for? North American Society for Sport Management – National Organization
Understand the significance of field experience Enhancement for learning and improve job opportunities
What constitutes professional attitude, business etiquette and professional image? Grooming, attire, posture Chapter 4 – Intercollegiate Athletics
Know the difference between interscholastic and intercollegiate athletics. High school level and college level
What was the 1st^ intercollegiate activity? Between which universities? When? Rowing between Yale and Harvard in 1852 First intercollegiate football game between Rutgers and Princeton
Be able to explain the very beginnings of the NCAA? Why the organization started and when it was started?
Prompted by deaths and charges of brutality in college football, President Roosevelt hosted 2 White House conferences on football in 1905. He summoned coaches, faculty, and alumni representatives from Harvard, Yale, and Princeton to the conference. The purpose of the conference was to encourage the representatives to carry out both the letter and the spirit of football rules. Roosevelt’s decree led to the formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS) which was officially constituted on March 31, 1906 and became known as the NCAA in 1910
Know the design of the NCAA: where it is located; membership number; membership classification and differences between classifications.
Location: Indianapolis, Indiana
Division I
Major financial enterprises
7 men, 7 women ( 6 men, 8 women) sports
At least 2 team sports for each gender
Each playing season represented by each gender
Offer full grants-in-aid based on athletic ability
Highly competitive

Governance – commissioner
Understand the four unique aspects of professional sport.
Understand the five unique characteristics of labor-management relations.
What was the first team sport to employ professionals? Baseball
What was the first professional baseball team called? Cincinnati Red Stockings
Know the order of the following sports as the sports formed competitive professional leagues: NBA, MLB, NFL, NHL MLB, NHL, NFL, NBA
What was significant in baseball in 1947? Jackie Robinson broke color barrier with the Brooklyn Dodgers Before 1947 African American played in separate, segregated leagues
What was the first women’s professional league called? All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL)
How did the 1961 Sports Broadcasting Act change the relationship between the media and professional leagues?
Terminology: parity, luxury tax, hallmark events, rotating signage, virtual signage, naming rights, etc.
Parity – also known as competitive balance, refers to the notion that every team has a legitimate chance to win the championship based on the resources available
Luxury tax – a device used by Major League Baseball and the National Basketball Association to tax the teams that spend the most (or too much as defined by the collective bargaining agreement) on player payroll and share those taxes with teams that do not have high payrolls.
Hallmark events – Highly visible events that are attended by many people, watched by even more on television, and followed on the internet
Rotating signage – a form of sign placed on scoreboards and adjacent to playing surfaces that can rotate the advertisements shown
Virtual signage – signage generated by digital technology and placed into a sport event telecast so that the sign appears to be part of the playing surface or adjacent to the playing surface
Naming rights – rights granted to a corporation to have its name on a professional sport facility in exchange for payment. For example, United Airlines paid for the right to have the stadium where the Chicago Bulls and Blackhawks play called the United Center
Be able to distinguish between and identify the following revenue sources for professional sports teams: media contracts, gate receipts, licensing and merchandising revenues, sponsorship.
Understand the various career opportunities. Chapter 6 – Sport Management and Marketing Agencies
What are some of the forms of sport properties?
Why were the first sport management and marketing agencies formed? No one to control the athletes
What was the first agency established? By whom? When? What professional athlete was involved? IMG – Jack Nicholas
What are some of the actions that can be undertaken on behalf of a sport property?
Distinguish between the different types of agencies. Full service agencies, in house agencies (cheaper – cuts costs)
Terminology: grassroots, inventory, solicitation, procurement, leverage, etc. Chapter 7: Sport Tourism
Terminology: hallmark event, small-scale event, sport tourist, sport excursionist, tourism sport, time switchers, casuals, destination image, CVB, sports commission, etc.
Know about the three types of sport tourism.
Understand the impacts of sport tourism.
Impact of airlines? Chapter 9: Sport Marketing
Be able to identify the unique sport qualities regarding sport marketing.
What strategies were used post-lockout by the NHL
Understand the 4 P’s
Be familiar with what each of the 10 steps for developing a sport marketing plan is.
What are marketing plans?
What should the mission statement of an organization reflect?

What are goals and objectives?
What are the three dimensions of the sport product?
What are tangible elements in the core sport product?
What are the 6 distinctive markets for positioning?
What are internal and external factors (as they affect the marketing climate)?
Be able to discuss SWOT analysis? Know what each letter represents and the manner in which internal and external factors influence the success of the plan?
What is branding?
What is market segmentation? What is target market?
What factors need to be considered in pricing a product?
Be able to identify the elements that compose a promotion strategy?
Potential challenges?
Potential job opportunities? Chapter 10: Sport Consumer Behavior
Be able to list and explain the key motives for sport participation and for sport spectating.
Understand consumer perceptions, target markets, segmentation, participant motivation, spectator motivation and consumer attitudes
Know the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic reference groups?
What is the difference between consumer involvement and fan identification?
Why are loyal fans important to a sport organization? Internship Presentations
What 4 internships were presented in class?
- Gillette Stadium
- Horse Farm
- Wyoming Golf Association
- Baseball Hall of Fame – Cooperstown
What were the main themes the presenters reiterated?
- Persistence
What are 7 major sports teams that play in New York?
- Yankees
- Mets
- Bills
- Knicks
- Rangers
- Islanders
- Sabres

Sport Management: Types, History, and Competencies - Prof. A. Pfleegor, Study notes of Kinesiology

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STUDY GUIDE