Docsity
Docsity
Prepare for your exams
Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Earn points to download
Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Guidelines and tips
Guidelines and tips
Sell on Docsity
Sell on Docsity
Docsity AI
Docsity AI
Log inSign up

Prepare for your exams

Study with the several resources on Docsity

Find documents

Prepare for your exams with the study notes shared by other students like you on Docsity

Search for your university

Find the specific documents for your university's exams

Docsity AINEW

Summarize your documents, ask them questions, convert them into quizzes and concept maps

Explore questions

Clear up your doubts by reading the answers to questions asked by your fellow students

Earn points to download

Earn points by helping other students or get them with a premium plan

Share documents
download point icon20 Points

For each uploaded document

Answer questions
download point icon5 Points

For each given answer (max 1 per day)

All the ways to get free points
Get points immediately

Choose a premium plan with all the points you need

Study Opportunities

Choose your next study program

Get in touch with the best universities in the world. Search through thousands of universities and official partners

Community

Ask the community

Ask the community for help and clear up your study doubts

Free resources

Our save-the-student-ebooks!

Download our free guides on studying techniques, anxiety management strategies, and thesis advice from Docsity tutors

Cardiovascular System: Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs - Worksheet, Lecture notes of Nursing

University of Michigan (UM) - Ann ArborNursing

This worksheet focuses on cardiovascular medications, specifically antiplatelet, anticoagulant, and thrombolytic drugs. It covers key concepts like the mechanisms of action, side effects, patient education, and nursing interventions related to these medications. The worksheet also includes questions and answers to test understanding of the material.

Typology: Lecture notes

2024/2025

Uploaded on 12/03/2024

kayla-bhavsar
kayla-bhavsar 🇺🇸

1 document

1 / 10

Toggle sidebar

This page cannot be seen from the preview

Don't miss anything!

bg1
Homework Weekly Student Worksheet Week
21 Questions
Due: Monday 3/6, at 1030am
Fill in answers using a color other than black, and reload the completed document (In WORD, PDF Format)to the correct folder.
Please review week 8 worksheet &correct answers (Definition of Atherosclerosis, angina and treatment tables, antiplatelet table,
antithrombolytic table, antilipidemic table, before Class on 3/6 or you are going to be very lost!
Use two articles on ACS:
1. Define these terms:
Clot: a thick lump of blood, known as a thrombus.
Embolus: A thrombus that breaks loose and travels from one location in the body to another.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): when a blood clot develops in a deep vein, usually in the legs.
ACS: Acute Coronary Syndrome: umbrella term for situations in which blood supplied to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked.
Unstable Angina: the heart muscle doesn't get as much oxygen-rich blood as it should because of plaque blockages and usually a
blood clot in one or more of the arteries that feed the heart. It doesn’t have a pattern and usually gets worse. It may happen with mild
activity or without warning.
NSTEMI: A non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction is a type of heart attack that happens when a part of the heart is not getting
enough oxygen. It doesn’t cause a very recognizable change to the heart’s electrical activity. It usually happens because of a partial
coronary artery blockage or blockage in a branch off of the main coronary artery
STEMI: STEMI heart attacks are diagnosed when the ST segment rises higher than normal. In most cases, a STEMI heart attack
happens because of a total blockage of one of the main coronary arteries that provide blood flow to the heart muscle.
Ischemia: lack of oxygen to the heart muscle
Myocardial Infarction: when the heart muscle begins to die because it isn’t getting enough blood flow. A blockage in the arteries that
supply blood to the heart usually causes this.
pf3
pf4
pf5
pf8
pf9
pfa

Partial preview of the text

Download Cardiovascular System: Antiplatelet, Anticoagulant, and Thrombolytic Drugs - Worksheet and more Lecture notes Nursing in PDF only on Docsity!

Homework Weekly Student Worksheet Week 21 Questions Due: Monday 3/6, at 1030am Fill in answers using a color other than black , and reload the completed document ( In WORD, PDF Format ) to the correct folder. Please review week 8 worksheet & correct answers (Definition of Atherosclerosis, angina and treatment tables, antiplatelet table, antithrombolytic table, antilipidemic table, before Class on 3/6 or you are going to be very lost! Use two articles on ACS:

  1. Define these terms: Clot: a thick lump of blood, known as a thrombus. Embolus: A thrombus that breaks loose and travels from one location in the body to another. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): when a blood clot develops in a deep vein, usually in the legs. ACS: Acute Coronary Syndrome: umbrella term for situations in which blood supplied to the heart muscle is suddenly blocked. Unstable Angina: the heart muscle doesn't get as much oxygen-rich blood as it should because of plaque blockages and usually a blood clot in one or more of the arteries that feed the heart. It doesn’t have a pattern and usually gets worse. It may happen with mild activity or without warning. NSTEMI: A non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction is a type of heart attack that happens when a part of the heart is not getting enough oxygen. It doesn’t cause a very recognizable change to the heart’s electrical activity. It usually happens because of a partial coronary artery blockage or blockage in a branch off of the main coronary artery STEMI: STEMI heart attacks are diagnosed when the ST segment rises higher than normal. In most cases, a STEMI heart attack happens because of a total blockage of one of the main coronary arteries that provide blood flow to the heart muscle. Ischemia: lack of oxygen to the heart muscle Myocardial Infarction: when the heart muscle begins to die because it isn’t getting enough blood flow. A blockage in the arteries that supply blood to the heart usually causes this.

RVR: rapid ventricular rate: when the heart chambers fibrillate rapidly, resulting in a rapid and irregular pumping of blood through the heart. We will be discussing these medications as three groups: Antiplatelet (week 8), Anticoagulants (week 9), and Thrombolytic drugs (Started week 8, finish week 9). Chapter 43 & article on DOAC

  1. The major adverse effect of the Antiplatelet, Anticoagulants, and Thrombolytic drugs is bleeding. List five patient teaching/education points a patient needs to know about bleeding when taking any of these drugs: a. use a soft toothbrush to avoid oral bleeding b. shave with an electric razor to avoid bleeding c. some herbal products may increase risk of bleeding d. aspirin should not be taken with warfarin because it can e. encourage patients not to smoke, because it can increase drug metabolism
  2. warfarin interferes with vitamin K. List three foods high in vitamin K: a. avocados, bananas, spinach
  3. Compare & Contrast Anticoagulants Medications (fill in the boxes where you see blue and/or blue numbers where you see numbers try to identify the most important points in that section based on the many they give you [SE & NI or Pt. Ed.]) Drug class: PO Anticoagulant Drug class: PO Anticoagulant: DOAC = Direct O ral A nti C oagulants Drug class: IV or SQ Anticoagulant Drug class: SQ Anticoagulant: LMWH = Low molecular weight Heparin

Nursing Assessment of lab test specific to warfarin & requirement of level:

  1. Monitor PT or INR Nursing Interventions : specific for all anticoagulants:
  2. Monitor vital signs. An increased pulse rate followed by a decreased systolic pressure can indicate a fluid volume deficit.
  3. Examine the patient’s mouth, nose (epistaxis), urine (hematuria), and skin (petechiae, purpura) for bleeding Nursing Intervention: Specific to the warfarin:
  4. monitor for frank or occult bleeding. Patient Education: Nursing Interventions: specific for all anticoagulants: Same as column one. Patient Education: specific for all anticoagulants: See # Reversal Agent for rivaroxaban & apixaban:
  5. andexanet alfa (Andexxa) Nursing Interventions: specific for all anticoagulants: Same as column one. Nursing Intervention: Specific to the Heparin (based on a side effect): 1.monitor signs of bleeding (petechiae, hematuria, hematoma) Patient Education: specific for all anticoagulants: See # Reversal Agent:
  6. protamine sulfate Nursing Assessment of lab test specifi LMWHs: They say you can look at PTT or Factor Xa, but not specific to these and not very accurate so we usually do not monitor. Furthermore, the reason you are monitoring a blood level is to prevent bleeding when on anticoagulants. However, the advantage of these is they work equivalent to Heparin for prevention of blood clots but they have less risk of bleeding****. T hey do not need to be stopped prior to surgery and/or an invasive procedure like other anticoagulants. Nursing Interventions: specific for all anticoagulants: Same as column one. Patient Education: specific for all anticoagulants: See #

specific for all anticoagulants: See # Patient Education Specific to the warfarin:

  1. Advise patients to have laboratory tests such as PT or INR performed as ordered by a health care provider.
  2. Encourage patients not to smoke. Smoking increases drug metabolism, so warfarin dose may need to be increased.
  3. Aspirin should not be taken with warfarin because it intensifies warfarin’s action, and bleeding is apt to occur. Reversal Agent:
    1. vitamin K Reversal Agent: You can try the one for heparin but based on the advantage of these anticoagulants you usually do not need them. Chapter 58 & 40
  4. Compare & Contrast Dysrhythmia Medications (fill in the boxes where you see blue and/or blue numbers where you see numbers try to identify the most important points in that section based on the many they give you [SE & NI or Pt. Ed.])

It is in PO of Lomotil (Diphenoxylate / Atropine): Do you remember what we use this for? electrocardiography (ECG), such as procainamide.

  1. The nurse should slow the infusion rate to prevent hypotension/bradyc ardia.
  1. Which drug can be used for ventricular arrhythmias in place of amiodarone? Tell how it works.
  • Lidocaine can also be used for ventricular arrhythmias in place of amiodarone. Lidocaine exerts a local anesthetic effect on the heart, decreasing myocardial irritability.
  1. Name three aspects of patient education that need to be taught when a patient is taking amiodarone long term. (Hint: It is related to the side effects of amiodarone.)
  • do not get up quickly to minimize orthostatic hypotension
  • do not operate machinery or engage in any strenuous activity
  • do not stay in the sun for long periods due to photosensitivity Use the two articles on afib & chapter 58 in your book & Medscape for #7:
  1. For this next section, atrial fibrillation (afib)/atrial flutter (aflutter) treatment, please listen to the additional recording in module 9 created about treatment of afib/aflutter. Treatment of Afib includes two aspects initially before treating the dysrhythmia. a. Initial treatment of afib/aflutter is focused on blood clot formation or anticoagulation. What is this medication treatment/regimen? Why dual anticoagulants?
  • Anticoagulants reduce the risk of having a stroke, but can increase the risk of bleeding. An example is warfarin, which lowers the risk of blood clotting, but has a narrow therapeutic range, drug and food interactions, and requires frequent blood monitoring.
  • Dual anticoagulants are used to enhance the antithrombotic activity, compared to one alone. b. The second initial treatment regimen of afib/aflutter includes treatment of rapid ventricular response (RVR). What are the two medications that are used to treat RVR?
  • antiarrhythmic drugs, amiodarone, to control the heart's rhythm and prevent future episodes of Afib.
  • beta-blockers, metoprolol (Lopressor) to manage the heart rate. c. Finally, we look at treating the dysrhythmia chemically (called a chemical conversion) with antidysrhythmic medications. After what time frame do we focus on anti dysrhythmia treatment and why?
  • when the patient has sustained abnormal heart rhythms and is at risk for a more serious complication. it should be done emergently or when the arrhythmia duration is known to be less than 48 hours.

night. If they have to take two doses, I would recommend the second dose in the mid-afternoon-evening.

  1. What are the causes of hypokalemia?
    • diuretics, laxative overuse, N/V/D, corticosteroids, antibiotics, dehydration in elderlies
  2. What does hypokalemia cause if a patient is on digoxin? What is the S & S of this problem?
    • it can cause digoxin toxicity
    • S&S of digoxin toxicity include bradycardia, headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, and visual disturbances
  3. Name the Recipe/Guidelines/1st^ line choice medication for white people for HTN?
    • ACEI or ARB
    • other classes: vasodilators, CCB, diuretics, or combination
  4. Name the two Recipes/Guidelines/1st^ line choice medications for black people for HTN?
    • Calcium Channel Blockers OR a combination of and ARB & Thiazide
    • other classes: vasodilators, CCB, diuretics
  5. Name the Recipe/Guidelines/1st^ line choice medications for HF?
    • ACEI or ARB, beta blockers, diuretics PRN, and occasionally digitalis