1) List and briefly explain three differences between law and morality.
Morality sets standards through which we can evaluate behavior as
“good,” “not so good,” or “bad.” Good and bad come in degrees: better
or worse. One of the main functions of law is to guide behavior by telling
people what to do or not to do. From the legal point of view, a particular
act is either permitted or not, without grey areas. Moral standards are
normally considered to be important for the well-functioning of
society, while this is not necessarily the case for all legal rules.For
instance, typical moral rules forbid lies, and wounding or killing other
persons. These moral rules have equivalents in legal rules which deal
with serious issues. However, there are many legal rules that deal with
issues that are not broadly experienced as serious, such as the amount
of salt allowed in food, or the way in which bicycles must be equipped
with lighting. Being legal is a precondition for rules that are to be
enforced by state organs; moral precepts are not enforced in that way.
However, many moral rules have counterparts in the law so that
state enforcement of morality is possible in the form of state
enforcement of the law.
2) Briefly explain the meaning of separation of powers. Who was it
advocated by?
It Can be traced back to ancient Greek philosophy. It is advocated in
early times by English philosopher Locke and than French
philosopher Montesquieu. According to this doktrin three distinct
functions of government: the legislative, executive and judicial shoul
keep apart. This is to prevent centralisation of too much power. To
prevent the use of arbitrary power by one single organ.it creates a
system which has checks and balances.
3) Briefly explain the meaning of the rule of law. Who was it advocated
by?
No man is above the law. According to Dicey: “The absolute
supremacy or predominance of regular law as opposed to the
influence of arbitrary power. Equality before the law or the equal
