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Substance Abuse Final
Alcohol is defined as a drug because of its: - ANS psychoactive properties The statistical relationship between the use of alcohol and the use of illicit drugs is - ANS positive Humans first discovered the fermentation, and soon after, the taste and effects, of alcohol in: - ANS the stone age, over 10,000 years ago Thyl alcohol or ethanol is" - ANS 100% "absolute" alcohol Which of the following has the highest concentration of "absolute" alcohol - ANS distilled spirits (gin, vodka, tequila, or scotch) "Apparent" alcohol consumption is based on: - ANS Alcohol sales in a given year The relationship between alcohol consumption and engaging in risky, deviant behavior is - ANS Positive The relationship between alcohol consumption and being the victim of criminal, violent behavior is" - ANS positive The relationship between the sale of alcohol in a given location and the likelihood that residents living in that location will be hospitalized for assault is: - ANS positive The setting in which alcohol-impairment injury is most likely to take place is a: - ANS bar
The relationship between a driver's BAC (blood-alcohol concentration) and getting into an accident that kills someone is: - ANS Positive In the past 30 years or so, the number of automobile alcohol-related fatalities: - ANS has decreased In the past 30 years or so, the percent of all automobile fatalities that were alcohol-related: - ANS has decreased During the past 30 years or so, the number of years of potential life lost (YPLL) as a result of alcohol- related highway fatalities: - ANS has decreased Since the year that the sale of alcohol to persons under the age of 21 was made illegal in all states (1988), alcohol consumption by persons under the age of 21: - ANS has decreased The relationship between smoking and premature mortality is: - ANS positive—the greater a person smokes, the greater the likelihood that he or she will die prematurely. The death toll—the total number of people who die as a result of a cause related to the use of the substance—is greatest for which of the following: - ANS cigarettes The tobacco plant is indigenous to which of the following continents or regions - ANS the western hemisphere The relationship between smoking cigarettes and the use of illicit drugs is: - ANS positive Between 1963 and today, the per capita consumption of cigarettes in the U.S. population (age 18 and older): - ANS has decreased
Which of the following is not considered one of the common effects of the hallucinogenic or psychedelic drugs? - ANS psychotic episodes Research has demonstrated that the use of LSD commonly causes: - ANS sensory overload Which of the following is not among the group that is discussed here as a "club drug"? - ANS PCP Between the 1990s and the year 2000, the use of the club drugs: - ANS increased After 2000, the rate of use of the club drugs: - ANS decreased Psychopharmacologists classify ketamine as a - ANS disassociative anesthetic Psychopharmacologists classify Ecstasy (MDMA) in terms of its effects as a - ANS none of the above The use of club drugs is: - ANS none of the above The evidence indicating that the human use of MDMA (Ecstasy) damages: - ANS any organ of the body is inconclusive Which of the following explanations for the "progression" of users from the use of marijuana to the use of more dangerous drugs focuses on properties inherent within the drug that cause this phenomenon? The: - ANS pharmacological school From the early 1970s to today, the number of prescriptions written for the amphetamines has: - ANS decreased
For which of the following uses do many physicians today most frequently write legitimate prescriptions? - ANS narcolepsy Evidence from ADAM indicates that the use of methamphetamine: - ANS is largely regionalized to the West coast During the past decade or so, the use of methamphetamine has - ANS remained stable DAWN's statistics indicate that with respect to emergency department (ED) and medical examiners reports (ME), methamphetamine - ANS none of the above Cocaine is a - ANS Schedule II Drug The origin of cocaine is the - ANS South American coca plant Between the 1960s and the late 1970s, the use of cocaine: - ANS increased Between the late 1970s and today, the use of cocaine by the young adult (ages 18-25) sector of the population: - ANS decreased Between the 1980s and today, the use of cocaine by high school seniors: - ANS decreased "Punding" is a common effect of taking amphetamines chronically and abusively. What is punding? - ANS engaging in a specific activity compulsively and repetitively, over and over again Another term for "ice" is - ANS methamphetamine
Which of the following painkillers or analgesics are not narcotics - ANS ibuprophen Together, the OTC painkillers aspirin, acetaminphen (Tylenol), and ibuprofen cause - ANS tens of thousands of DAWN ED episodes Which of the following effects is not an effect of the relevant or appropriate dose or doses of narcotic drugs - ANS all are effects of the narcotics, given the relevant dose or doses
. Compared with most of the other drugs, the margin between the ED and LD for narcotics is: - ANS narrow Of the following, which drug was used by the lowest percent of the population during a recent past year? - ANS heroin On a dose-by-dose basis, which of the following drugs is most likely to cause death by overdose and hence, appear in DAWN's ME figures? - ANS heroin Which of the following is used by a greater number of people—heroin versus all of the other narcotics added together? - ANS all the other narcotics added together Currently, the "drug of choice" among arrestees in the ADAM program (that is, the one that the highest number and percentage that both said that they had used and tested positive for) is: - ANS marijuana From interviews of arrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1953, the percentage who said that they had used heroin has: - ANS decreased From interviews of arrestees, sociologists have discovered that among criminals born after 1970, the percentage who said that they had used crack cocaine has - ANS decreased
According to DAWN, currently, the drug that causes the greatest number of death by overdose, in absolute numbers, is: - ANS opiates Between the early 2000s and 2008, the tonnage of the supply of heroin available in Mexico: - ANS increased Currently, the majority of the heroin sold on the street in the U.S. had its origin in: - ANS Latin America Currently, most of the world's production of opium is grown in: - ANS Afghanistan According to MTF, most high school seniors believe that the regular use of heroin is: - ANS harmful In the 1990s, several media sources reported that a new heroin "epidemic" had gripped the United States. Toward the end of the first decade of the 2000s, that "epidemic" had: - ANS subsided Soporific" refers to the capacity to: - ANS induce drowsiness and sleepiness A study compared "controlled" opiate users with narcotic addicts and found that the former differed from the latter in: - ANS frequency of use—that is, less than once a day versus more than once a day About what proportion of prescription drugs are psychoactive? - ANS a minority, though a substantial minority—roughly one out of five, or 20 percent Sedative-hypnotic drugs include - ANS barbiturates Some drugs work mainly on the mind (the so-called "mind" drugs) while others work mainly on the body ("body" drugs. Which of the following is mainly a "body" drug: - ANS Lipitor, a lipid regulator
Which of the following pharmaceutical drugs or drug types are frequently prescribed for mood disorders? - ANS antidepressants Which of the following pharmaceutical drugs or drug types are frequently prescribed for thought disorders? - ANS anti-psychotics Which of the following prescription drugs or drug types is synergistic with alcohol? - ANS barbiturates Which of the following is both a sedative-hypnotic prescription drug or drug type and a popular recreational drug? - ANS hydrocodone Between 1969 and 1982, Valium was the nation's best-selling prescription drug. Since then, the number of prescriptions for Valium has declined sharply. This decline is due to the fact that: - ANS Valium's manufacturer, Hoffman-LaRoche, lost its trade patent and now other manufacturers are selling Valium's generic form, which remains popular Another term for sedative-hypnotic-tranquilizers is: - ANS general depressants Which of the following prescription drugs does not produce a high, intoxication, or euphoric state? - ANS anti-psychotics In the past several decades: - ANS the crime rate has decreased, but the number of persons incarcerated in prison has increased. The current federal law that penalizes drug possession and sale is referred to as the: - ANS Drug Control Act (or Controlled Substances Act) Prescription drugs are: - ANS all classified as Schedule II-V drugs.
Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs are: - ANS not mentioned anywhere in the Controlled Substances Act Alcohol is: - ANS not mentioned anywhere in the Controlled Substances Act. The era of minimum tolerance for, and maximum enforcement against, the use, possession, and sale of illicit drugs began with the administration of: - ANS Ronald Reagan Approximately what percentage of the federal prison population is made up of drug offenders? - ANS about half (roughly 50-55%) In Drug War Heresies, drug experts Robert MacCoun and Peter Reuter argue that it is "plausible" that decreasing drug penalties will: - ANS not substantially increase use MacCoun and Reuter also argue that legalization "might": - ANS substantially increase illicit drug use MacCoun and Reuter calculate that for which of the following substances is the "elasticity index" the greatest—that is, there is the greatest decrease in purchases, given a one percent increase in price? - ANS marijuana Under federal law, marijuana: - ANS is a Schedule I drug and may not be used for any purposes whatsoever (except extremely rarely granted experimental purposes) Which of the following is an example of the maintenance model of drug control? - ANS administering methadone for narcotic addiction Methadone is: - ANS a narcotic that is used to treat narcotic addiction. Evaluations of drug treatment programs have demonstrated a failure rate of: - ANS roughly 70- percent
A major plank in the legalizer's platform is that drug use/abuse: - ANS will not rise significantly under legalization. Drug legalization: - ANS none of the above According to Drugs in American Society, the "doomsayers" who argue that, in all likelihood, the worst case scenario—a huge increase in harmful drug abuse—will come about under drug legalization are: - ANS wrong Legalizers believe that - ANS an illicit drug market tends to sell contaminated and dangerous drugs; legalization would enforce controls on purity and potency A defense of the punitive policy toward drug possession and sale is that criminalizing drugs: - ANS keeps the level of drug use and abuse lower than what it would be under legalization. b) can wipe out drug use and abuse entirely. Most of what drug legalizers have written has focused on: - ANS criticizing the flaws of current punitive policy. The majority of drug legalizers believe and argue that: - ANS none of the above
