B. Tech. IV Semester (Civil Engineering)
CE: 14102 –SURVEYING
Unit-I: Introduction and Measurement of Distance
(Part-II: Measurement of Distance)
By Prof. RD Gupta, MNNIT Allahabad (India)
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Chain Surveying: Measuring Distance in Civil Engineering, Lecture notes of Survey Sampling Techniques
This document, authored by Prof. RD Gupta from MNNIT Allahabad (India), provides an in-depth exploration of chain surveying, a method used in civil engineering for measuring linear distances. the principles, procedures, and techniques of chain surveying, including the use of chains, tapes, and electronic distance measurement (EDM) instruments. It also discusses the importance of well-conditioned triangles and the correction of measurement errors.
Typology: Lecture notes
2020/2021
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B. Tech. IV Semester (Civil Engineering)
CE: 14102 – SURVEYING
Unit-I: Introduction and Measurement of Distance
(Part-II: Measurement of Distance)
Unit- I (Part- II): Measurement of Distance
Syllabus
➢ Distance Measurement ➢ Chainage & Offsets ➢ Tape Corrections ➢ Electronic Distance Measurement (EDM)
Distance Measurement
Three methods of Distance Measurement:
1. Direct Distance Measurement
➢ Chain Surveying
2. Optical Distance Measurement
➢ Tacheometric Surveying
3. Electronic Distance Measurement
➢ EDM Survey
Chain Surveying
Details
The term details means natural or man-made features on the ground surface.
- Hard Details: Buildings, roads, walls, etc.
- Soft Details: River, vegetation, trees, etc.
- Overhead Details: Power lines, telephone lines, etc.
- Underground Details: Water supply lines, sewer lines, gas pipelines, etc. ➢ The term Details does not include relief or undulations on the ground.
Basic Principle of Chain Survey
✓ The principle of chain surveying is to divide the area into a network of connected triangles. ✓ Triangles are selected because triangle is a simple figure that can be plotted from the lengths of its sides. ➢ The arrangement of triangles depends upon the nature and shape of the area to be surveyed. ➢ Chain survey is also called as chain triangulation because its basic framework consists of series of triangles.
Basic Terms Used
✓ Main Stations
✓ Subsidiary or
Tie Stations
✓ Base Line
✓ Survey Lines/
Chain Lines
✓ Tie lines
✓ Check lines
Chain
Link
Metric Chain
20 m Chain
30 m Chain
Metric Chain
✓ Commonly used length is 20 m or 30 m length. ✓ Made up of “links”. 1 link = 20 cm All dimensions in mm
Plumb Bob
Tape
Tapes are used for more accurate work as compared to chains.
1. Linen or Cloth Tape
✓ Not suitable for scientific measurements.
2. Metallic Tape
✓ Made of water proof fabric or glass fibre in which metallic wires are interwoven between two layers (upper and lower layers)