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A condition by which a dominant group uses its power to elicit the voluntary "consent" of the masses. - Answer-Hegemony - Antonio Gramsci a nationality, not in the sense of carrying the rights and duties of citizenship but identifying with a past or future nationality, - Answer-Symbolic Ethnicity a measurement of poverty based on a percentage of the median income in a given location - Answer-Relative poverty
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A condition by which a dominant group uses its power to elicit the voluntary "consent" of the masses. - Answer-Hegemony - Antonio Gramsci a nationality, not in the sense of carrying the rights and duties of citizenship but identifying with a past or future nationality, - Answer-Symbolic Ethnicity a measurement of poverty based on a percentage of the median income in a given location - Answer-Relative poverty A mechanism by which African Americans have two behavioral scripts. The first is the script that any American would have by moving through the world. The second is the script that takes the external opinions of an often racially prejudiced onlooker into consideration. - Answer-Double Consciousness - W.E.B. Du Bois a condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative within pastiche, and multiple, perhaps even conflicting, identities resulting from disjointed affiliations. - Answer-Post-modernism Theory a conflict theory and theoretical perspective which observes gender in its relation to power, both at the level of face-to-face interaction and reflexivity within a social structure at large. Focuses include sexual orientation, race, economic status, and nationality. - Answer-Feminist Theory A gap between network clusters, or even two individuals, if those individuals (or clusters) have complementary resources. - Answer-Structural Holes a general term used for a variety of conditions in which a person is born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that doesn't seem to fit the typical definitions of female or male. - Answer-Intersex A micro-level theory in which shared meanings, orientations, and assumptions form the basic motivations behind people's actions. - Answer-Symbolic Interactionism - George Herbert Mead
a group of people who share a set of characteristics-typically, but not always, physical ones- and are said to share a common belief - Answer-Race a group of people who share a set of characteristics-typically, but not always, physical ones- and are said to share a common belief - Answer-Sociological Definition of Race a line of thought that explains social behavior in terms of who you are in the natural world - Answer-Biological Determinism "understanding" in German. Suggests that sociologists approach social behavior from the perspective of those engaging in it. - Answer-Verstehen - Max Weber a line of thought that explains social phenomena in terms of natural ones - Answer- Essentialism A measured factor that the researcher believes has a causal impact on the dependent variable. - Answer-Independent Variables a nonacademic and less overt socialization functions of schooling - Answer-Hidden Curriculum a personal conception of oneself as male or female - Answer-Gender Identity a politically based system of stratification characterized by limited social mobility - Answer-Estate System A proposed relationship between two variables. - Answer-Hypothesis a religion-based system of stratification characterized by no social mobility - Answer- Caste System A set of beliefs, traditions, and practices; the sum of the social categories and concepts we embrace in addition to beliefs. In addition to beliefs, behaviors (except instinctual ones) and practices; everything but the natural environment around us. - Answer- Culture A set of relations- essentially, a set of dyads- held together by ties between individuals.
can reinforce messages taught at home or even contradict them. Adolescents tend to listen to their friends advice over their parents. - Answer-Peers Causality means that a change in one factor causes a change in another. Correlation, however, just means that we observe a change in both. - Answer-Causality vs. Correlation concept describing the social rights and obligations of a sick individual - Answer-The Sick Role Each one of us is connected to every other person by social chains of no more than six people. - Answer-Six Degrees of Separation Eschewed big theories of society and instead focused on how face-to-face interactions create the social world. - Answer-Symbolic Interaction Theory Everything that is a part of our constructed, physical environment, including technology.
investigated social determinants of health, specifically the cardiovascular disease prevalence and mortality rates among British male civil servants between the ages of 20 and 64. - Answer-The Whitehall Study is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income distribution of a nation's residents, and is the most commonly used measure of inequality. - Answer-Gini Coefficient is the point at which a household's income falls below the necessary level to purchase food to physically sustain its members - Answer-Absolute poverty literally meaning "well born;" a pseudoscience that postulated that controlling the fertility of populations could influence inheritable traits passed on from generation to generation
The ability to see the connections between our personal experience and the larger forces of history. This is what we do when we question our textbook and college in general. - Answer-Sociological Imagination - C. Wright Mills the accelerated promotion of men to the top of a work organization, especially in feminized jobs - Answer-Glass Escalator The act of turning media against themselves. - Answer-Culture Jamming the argument that poor people adopt certain practices that differ from those of middle- class, "mainstream" society in order to adapt and survive in difficult economic circumstances - Answer-Culture of Poverty the belief that individuals subconsciously notice how others see or label them, and their reactions to those labels over time form the basis of their self-identity - Answer-Labeling Theory the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits - Answer-Racism the belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others, and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own - Answer-Ethnocentrism The belief that one's own culture or group is superior to others, and the tendency to view all other cultures from the perspective of one's own. - Answer-Ethnocentrism the capitalist class - Answer-Bourgeoisie the condition in which men are dominant and privileged, and this dominance and privilege is invisible - Answer-Hegemonic Masculinity The connection between two people in a relationship that varies in strength from one relationship to the next; explains our relationship with another member of our network. - Answer-Ties The degree to which ties are reinforced through indirect paths within a social network. - Answer-Embeddedness the distinct cultural values and behavioral patterns of a particular group in society; a group united by sets of concepts, values, symbols, and shared meaning specific to the members of that group distinctive enough to distinguish it from others within the same culture or society. - Answer-Subculture the formation of a new racial identity by drawing ideological boundaries of difference around a formerly unnoticed group of people - Answer-Racialization
The individual identity of a person as perceived by that same person. - Answer-Self, Looking Glass Self Theory Charles Horton Cooley the information, knowledge of people or things, and connections that help individuals enter, gain power in, or otherwise leverage social networks - Answer-Social Capital the legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity - Answer-Segregation the movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society (upward or downward) - Answer-Social Mobility The notion that relatively weak ties often turn out to be quite valuable because they yield new information. - Answer-The Strength of Weak Ties the notion that true womanhood centers on domestic responsibility and child rearing - Answer-Cult of Domesticity the original source of significant others and the primary unit of socialization. - Answer- Family The outcome that the researcher is trying to explain. - Answer-Dependent Variables the practice of having only one sexual partner or spouse at a time - Answer-Monogamy The process by which individuals internalize the values, beliefs, and norms of a given society and learn to function as members of that society. - Answer-Socialization The steady acquisition of material possessions, often with the belief that happiness and fulfillment can thus be achieved. - Answer-Consumerism the symbolic and interactional resources that people use to their advantage in various situations - Answer-Cultural Capital the usually unexpressed but widely spoken known rules of group memberships; the unspoken rules of social life - Answer-Informal Social Sanctions The view of social life as essentially a theatrical performance, in which we are all actors on metaphorical states, with roles, scripts, costumes, and sets. - Answer-Dramaturgical Theory - Erving Goffman the working class - Answer-Proletariat Time order is important or reverse causality can occur in which you would think that A results in change in B, but really B is causing a change in A. - Answer-The Challenges of Establishing Causality