Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing, Lecture notes of Communication

The concept of synchronous time division multiplexing (stdm), a technique used in telecommunications to transmit multiple signals simultaneously over a single communication channel. An overview of the key components and processes involved in stdm, including framing, bit stuffing, and demultiplexing. It also covers related topics such as buffers, clock pulses, and the mathematical formulas used to calculate the parameters of the stdm system. Targeted towards a technical audience with a background in telecommunications or digital signal processing, and could be useful as study material, lecture notes, or a reference for assignments and projects related to stdm and related topics in digital communications.

Typology: Lecture notes

2022/2023

Uploaded on 06/20/2024

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(M(Muullttiipplleexxiinngg)) אא

אF

Multiplexing E

^

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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 EMultiplexingFאW אא  Wאא  Kאאאאאאאאא     W אא  Wאאאא   Kאאא  J١ Kאאאאא  J٢ Kאאאאאא  J ٣ Kאאאאא  J ٤

 Wאאא   K٪٩٠אא     K Wא אא    W אא  Kאאא     W אא  Kאאאא   

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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אאאKאאאאאא

FאאKא

אאאאאאאאE

KE٢ J٦Fאא

 Kאאאא

KאאE٣ J٦FאK١٦٠٥K٥٣٥א

ECATVFאאאאאא

 K٦

S 2

Sn Sn

S 2

S 1 S 1 MUX Ch1 Ch2 Ch n MUXDe-

(٢-٦) اﻟﺸﻜﻞ

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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 E FDM Carrier Systems Fאאא١ J٢ J ٦ אאאאאאאאאא  אKאאאאאאאא אאאאאאאא אאAT&Tאא אITU-Tאאאא  Kאאאאאא  

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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 EMaster GroupFאא J אאאAT&T-FDMאאאא  AM-SSBE٦٠٠Fא ٢٤٠٠FK٢٥٢٠K٣٣٢٤K٥٦٤א KK٢٥٢אאEK١٢٠HK אLK٢٥٠א אאאKאא  KE٥ J٦Fאא

 EJumbo GroupFאא J אאאAT&T-FDMאאאאא  AM-SSBאE٣٦٠٠Fא ٥٤٨{٢٠٥٦٤{٣א אאE٨٦٤{١H١٢{١٥F٩٨٤{١٦ אאאK٨٣١{٢ אאאאKא  KE١٠٨٠٠Fא

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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 E Time Division Multiplexing -TDM Fאא ٣ J ٦ אאאא  אאאאאאEאF EslotאFא אאאאאא  W Rch. ≥ R 1 + R 2 + R 3 + - - - - - - + Rn  אאאWRch.  אאאאאWאא   Kאאא   אאאא١ J٣ J ٦  E Synchronous Time Division Multiplexing F  אאאאאאא  אאאאא אאאאא אאאאא אאאאאאKא אאFBuffers אאאEאKKKKKKKKK  KE٦ J٦Fאאא  

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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،אאK אאא

 KE٨ J٦Fא 1 א 0 אאאא

 EBit StuffingFא J אאא،  אאאאא אאאא אאאKאאאא אאאא(bit stuffingFא multiplexer) אאאא אKאאאא E אאאאאא clock Fאאאאאא אאאאאKEpulses  KאאאK(De-multiplexerFא

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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 W 

 Wא

 KK٢ZאW١

 KK٤ZאW٢

 KK٢ZאW٣

 KL٧٢٠٠ZאאW١١ J٤א

 Wא

 KPCMאאאאאאא J

KK٤Z2f 1 Zאאא J KK٨Z2f 2 Zאא  J WK٤Zאאאא  J אH٢אH١אאZ א  KE٩ J٦FאZ٣א

 K١٦L٤٠٠٠Z

Source 1

Source 2

Source 3

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t

t

(٩-٦) اﻟﺸﻜﻞ

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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 WSwitched 56/ ServiceאL٥٦א E١ LK٥٦אאא אאאאאאאא אאDigital Service Unit (DSU)אא אאאאאKLK٥٦א אKאאאאאאא  Kאא Jאא Jאא–אאא    EDigital Data Service -DDSFאא E٢ LK٦٤אאא  אKdigital leased lineאאאא  Kאאאא    EDigital Signal Service –DSSFאאא J אDDSDSUא  Kאאאאאאאאאא אאא،אאאאאאאא  W  EAT&T-TDM Digital Carrier System)אאאא J ECCITT-TDM Digital Carrier Sys.Fאאאאא J

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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E Digital Carrier Systems-AT&T Fאאא١ J٤ J٦ אאאאאא א אאאאאא אאאאאאK אאT-1א Digital Signal Format ( DS-1) אKT-1Carrier Lineאא  Wאאא  K٢٤Zאאא K١ KK٤Zאא K٢ KK٨Zא K ٣ Kμ-Companding Law א١٢٨ZQ،א K ٤ K٧Zn،א K ٥ K١Zא K ٦ K١Zא K ٧ K١٩٣Z١HE١H٧F×٢٤ZNZא K ٨ KL٥٤٤{١Z١٩٣×K٨ZN.f sZRZאא K ٩ KDS-1אאאאE١١ J٦F א

Ch.1 Ch.2 Ch.24 Fb 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits

193 bits 125 micro sec ١١-٦ ﺷﻜﻞ

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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 AT&T-TDMא

א DS אא אא א א

 T1 DS-1  LK٥٤٤{١  ٢٤  אא א

T1-c DS-1c  LK١٥٢{٣  ٤٨  אאא T2 DS-2  LK٣١٢{٦  ٩٦   J Jא  T3 DS-3  LK٧٣٦{٤٤  ٦٧٢  J J  T4 DS-4  LK١٧٦{٢٧٤  ٤٠٣٢  J J   T5 DS-5  LK١٦{٥٦٠  ٨٠٦٤  J J       אאאא ٥ J ٦ Multiplexing (STDM) Asynchronous Statistical Time-Division   אאאאאאאאאאא   אאאאאאא  Wאאאא א،٢٠ J ٢٠אאאאאאאאאא אא١٠א،א א٪٥٠אאאא  Kאא

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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אPCM-TDMאאאאאא JG

 Kאאא

 KSTDMאאא

 E System Performance Fאא J אאאאאא  אאאאSTDMאאאKא ،א אאאאא אkאn אאkאאאאk<n  Kאאאאא אאאאא אאאאא אאאאאאא אאאKאאא אאא אאאאאא אאאאאאאא HDLCאאא אאאאאאאE١٣ J٦F  K STDM

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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אאEאאאאא 

 Kא

 Mux. E١٥ J٦FאKאאאאאא  Kאאאאא

אאאאאאאL

א،Lאא

 Kאא

 E Multiplexing Fא  אאא  א    

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 E Synchronous Optical Network –SONET Fאאאא ٧ J ٦ א،אאאאא אCCITTאאאSONETאאא KSynchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)אאאאאא KאאאאאאSDHSONETאא Synchronous Transport אאאאאSONETא אאאL٨٤{٥١Signal Level-1 (STS-1)  KאSDHSONETאאאKL SDH electrical signal

SONET Optical Bit rate M bit/sec. signal

SONET electrical signal STS – 1 OC – 1 51.84 - STS – 3 OC - 3 155.52 STM – 1 STS – 9 OC - 9 466.56 STM – 3 STS – 12 OC - 12 622.08 STM - 4 STS – 18 OC - 18 933.12 STM - 6 STS – 24 OC - 24 1244.16 STM - 8 STS – 36 OC - 36 1866.24 STM – 12 STS – 48 OC - 48 2488.32 STM – 16 STS - 192 OC - 192 9953.28 STM – 64  SDHSONET אאא   ١٦אאWDMאאאא  ٤٠ZL٥{٢×١٦ OC – 48א OC - 192א٣٢אא،L אאL٣٢٠ZL١٠×٣٢  KE١٦ J٦FOC – nSTS – nא  