Syntax analysis, syntax tree and parsers, Study notes of Compilers

Syntax analysis (parsing) takes tokens from the lexical analyzer and arranges them into a parse tree based on the grammar of the language. The parser checks whether the token sequence follows the language’s syntax rules, and often produces an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST), a simplified version of the parse tree containing only essential structural information. Ambiguity in context-free grammars occurs when a grammar can produce multiple parse trees for the same input, and it must be resolved to ensure consistent interpretation. Parsing approaches include top-down parsing (starting from the root and predicting productions) such as recursive descent parsing (with or without backtracking) and LL parsing (Left-to-right scan, Leftmost derivation), as well as bottom-up parsing (starting from tokens and reducing to the start symbol) such as SLR, canonical LR, and LALR parsers, each with varying power and efficiency.

Typology: Study notes

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