Download System Development Process and Methodology and more Exams Information Technology in PDF only on Docsity!
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System - - - correct answer ✅A collection of interrelated components that function together to achieve some outcome Information System - - - correct answer ✅A collection of interrelated components that collect, process, store, and provide as output the information needed to complete business tasks Subsystem - - - correct answer ✅A system that is part of a larger system Functional Decomposition - - - correct answer ✅Dividing a system into components based on subsystems that are further divided into smaller subsystems System Boundary - - - correct answer ✅The separation between a system and its environment that inputs and outputs must cross. Systems analysis - - - correct answer ✅those activities that enable a person to understand and specify what an information system should accomplish
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System design - - - correct answer ✅those activities that enable a person to define and describe in detail the system that solves the need System Analysis Role - - - correct answer ✅- Developing ideas and suggestions for how information technology can improve business processes
- Designs the new business processes with help from the business analyst
- Design the new information system
- Ensuring that all IS standards are maintained System development life cycle - - - correct answer ✅The process of understanding how an information system (IS) can support business needs by designing a system, building it, and delivering it to users. SDLC six core processes - - - correct answer ✅1) Identify the problem or need and obtain approval
- Plan and monitor the project
- Discover and understand the details of the problem or need
- Design the system components that solve the problem
- Build, test, and integrate system components
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- Project plan Phase 2: Analysis - - - correct answer ✅Answer the questions of
- Who will use the system?
- What the system will do?
- Where and when it will be used? Tasks
- Investigate the current system if available
- Identify the opportunities for improvement
- Development concepts for the new system Deliverables in this phase are analysis and high-level design Analysis Steps - - - correct answer ✅1. Analysis strategy: as-is system/to-be system
- Requirement gathering
- Present the system proposal document, which includes analyses, system concept, and models, to the approval committee
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Phase 3: Design - - - correct answer ✅Deciding how the system will operate in terms of hardware, software, and network infrastructure, the user interface, forms, and reports and the specific program databases Design Steps - - - correct answer ✅1. Developing the design strategy
- Development of the basic architecture design
- Interface design
- Database and file specifications are designed
- The analysis team develops the program design (programs that need to be written and what each program will do) Phase 4: Implementation - - - correct answer ✅The phase that the system is built Implementation steps - - - correct answer ✅1. System construction: building and testing the system
- System installation: install the system and train the users
- Support plan: post implementation review
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- Requirement are well understood and/or low technical risk
- Formal step by step approach to the SDLC that moves logically from one phase to the next Waterfall Model - - - correct answer ✅-SDLC that assumes phases can be completed sequentially with no overlap or iteration -Once one phase is completed, you fall over the waterfall to the next phase, no going back Adaptive approach - - - correct answer ✅- Iterative model
- Assumes the project must be more flexible and adapt to changing needs as the project progresses
- Requirements and needs are uncertain and/or high technical risk Examples
- Object-oriented systems analysis and design
- Agile development
- Iterative development
- Unified process
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Agile development - - - correct answer ✅an information systems development process that emphasizes flexibility to anticipate new requirements during development
- Fast on feet; responsive to change Iterative Development - - - correct answer ✅an approach to system development in which the system is "grown" piece by piece through multiple iterations
- Complete small part of system (mini-project), then repeat processes to refine and add more, then repeat to refine and more, until done
- An increment may be completed in one or more iterations. Sometimes this is also referred to as an organic approach because the system is growing during the life of the overall project Deliverable - - - correct answer ✅A specific document/file that provides an understanding about the project Examples
- Use cases
- Use case diagrams
- Class diagrams
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Three architecture views in OO - - - correct answer ✅- Functional view: system from users' perspective
- Structural view: system in terms of attributes, classes, and relationships
- Behavioral view: the behavior of the system in terms of messages passed among objects Iterative and incremental - - - correct answer ✅Development of the system in continuous testing and refinement throughout the life of the project Requirement - - - correct answer ✅Statement of what the system must do or what characteristics it must have
- Focus on the "what" of the system or what the system should do not how it should do it Business requirements - - - correct answer ✅Analysis, requirements are written from the perspective of the businessperson during analysis. System requirements - - - correct answer ✅Requirements are evolved to become more technical and they describe how the system will be implemented.
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Goals of requirement identification - - - correct answer ✅- Provide the information needed by the other deliverables in analysis
- define the scope of the system (or an iteration) Functional requirements - - - correct answer ✅- Relates directly to a process a system has to perform or information it needs to perform or information it needs to contain. Example: have the ability to search for available inventory, report actual and budgeted expenses.
- The activities the system must perform Nonfunctional requirements - - - correct answer ✅- refers to behavioral properties that the system must have. Example: performance, usability, the ability to access the system using mobile phone
- user interface, ease of use failure rate, recovery methods response times, throughput access controls, encryption. FURPS+ Requirements - - - correct answer ✅- Functional requirements
- Usability requirements
- Reliability requirements
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Internal Stakeholders - - - correct answer ✅Persons within the organization External Stakeholders - - - correct answer ✅Persons outside the organization Operational Stakeholders - - - correct answer ✅persons who regularly interact with the system Executive Stakeholders - - - correct answer ✅People who don't interact directly with the system, but use the information or have financial interest Requirement Gathering Techniques - - - correct answer ✅- Interviewing users and other stakeholders
- Distributing and collecting questionnaires
- Reviewing inputs, outputs, and documentation
- Observe and document business processes
- watch and learn
- document with activity diagram
- Research vendor solutions
- See what others have done for similar situations
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- white papers, vendor literature, competitors
- Collect active user comments and suggestions
- Feedback on models and tests
- Users know it when they see it User story - - - correct answer ✅a one-sentence description of a work-related task done by a user to achieve some goal or result
- the story of how a user/stakeholder uses or wants to use the system User Story Format - - - correct answer ✅As a I want to
So that Acceptance criteria - - - correct answer ✅Conditions that need to be fulfilled so the story is done Bill Wake's INVEST model - - - correct answer ✅- Independent: Stories are easiest to work with if they are independent
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- capture the typical interaction of the system with the system's users
- formal way of representing the way a business system interacts with its environment Use Case notes - - - correct answer ✅- Use cases define functional requirements
- Analysts decompose the system into a set of use cases (functional decompositions)
- Can document the current system or the new system being developed
- Name each use case using verb-noun
- Describes one and only one function in which users interact with the system User Goal Technique Steps - - - correct answer ✅1) Identify all the potential users for the new system
- Classify users in terms of their functional role (shipping, marketing, sales)
- Further classify potential users by organizational level (operational, management, executive)
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- For each type of user, interview them to find a list of specific goals they will have when using the new system (Current goals and innovative functions to add value)
- List preliminary use cases organized by type of user
- Look for duplicates with similar use case names and resolve inconsistencies
- Identify where different types of users need the same use cases
- Review the completed list with each type of user and then with interested stakeholders Event decomposition technique - - - correct answer ✅- Identify the events that occur to which the system must respond.
- For each event, name a use case (verb-noun) that describes what the system does when the event occurs Event - - - correct answer ✅something that occurs at a specific time and place, can be precisely described, and should be remembered by the system External event - - - correct answer ✅An event that occurs outside the system, usually initiated by an external agent or actor
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-Sales manager wants update on production plans Temporal event checklist - - - correct answer ✅Internal outputs needed at points in time -Management reports (summary or exception) -Operational reports (detailed transactions) -Internal statements and documents (including payroll) External outputs needed at points of time -Statements, status reports, bills, reminders Event decomposition technique steps - - - correct answer ✅1. Consider the external events in the system environment that require a response from the system
- For each external event, identify and name the use case that the system requires
- Consider the temporal events that require a response from the system
- For each temporal event, identify and name the use case that the system requires and then establish the point of time that will trigger the use case
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- Consider the state events that the system might respond to, particularly if it is a real-time system in which devices or internal state changes trigger use cases
- For each state event, identify and name the use case that the system requires and then define the state change
- When events and use cases are defined, check to see if they are required by using the perfect technology assumption. Do not include events that involve such system controls as login, logout, change password, and backup or restore the database, as these are put in later Use case diagram - - - correct answer ✅A UML model used to graphically show use cases and their relationships to actors UML - - - correct answer ✅Unified Modeling Language, the standard for diagrams and terminology for developing information systems Actor - - - correct answer ✅- UML name for end user
- Not a specified user but instead is a role that a user can play while interacting with the system
- A person or system that derives benefit from and is external to the subject
