Systems Implementation Phase - Buisness Management - Lecture Slides, Slides of Business Administration

Business Management is one of the most important subject in Management Sciences.Following are the key points discussed in these Lecture Slides : Systems Implementation Phase, Build and Test Networks, Build and Test The Programs, Deliver The System, User Documentation, Documentation, Correct Errors, Recover The System, System Support, Documentation

Typology: Slides

2012/2013

Uploaded on 07/29/2013

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Systems Implementation phase:
this is the construction of the new system (or its
development)
it is totally based on the results - ie the reports of the
design phase (often called Technical Design
Statement)
it is made up of four phases:
build and test networks and DBs (optional)
build and test the programs (documentation, testing)
install and test the new system
deliver the system (user documentation, training)
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Systems Implementation phase:

  • this is the construction of the new system (or its development)
  • it is totally based on the results - ie the reports of the design phase (often called Technical Design Statement)
  • it is made up of four phases:
    • build and test networks and DBs (optional)
    • build and test the programs (documentation, testing)
    • install and test the new system
    • deliver the system (user documentation, training)

System Support phase:

  • it involves the on-going maintenance of the system after its delivery
  • it also includes improvements to the system
  • it is made up of a number of on-going activities rather than sequential phases: - correct errors (bugs, lack of robustness...) - recover the system (crash, processing error...) - assist the users of the system - adapt the system to new requirements

Cross Life Cycle Activities:

  • activities that cover more than one phase
  • activities that recur in a number of phases
    • fact finding (also data collection or information gathering)
    • documentation - recording facts and specification of the system
    • presentation - formally packaging the documentation
    • estimation - approximating time, effort, costs and benefits
    • measurement - measuring and analysing productivity and quality
    • feasibility analysis
    • project management - overall co-ordination and supervision activity for the whole project

Techniques and Methods in use

during SDLC phases:

  • tools and techniques for the initial steps
    • fact finding techniques used to collect information
    • tools and techniques to organise the data collected and identify the gaps
  • techniques for systems analysis - structured analysis
    • graphic symbols - data flow analysis
    • data dictionary
    • techniques to document procedures and decisions

Interviews (2)

  • however, it can be very useful:
    • for people who are not good at communicating in writing
    • for people who do not have time to reply to questionnaires
    • to discover areas of mis-understanding
    • to identify potential resistance to change

Questionnaires:

  • ideal to collect data from very large number of users
  • standardised questions mean more reliable information
  • anonymous answers are possible
  • can use open-ended or close-ended questions
  • However, problems can arise as:
    • people can misunderstand questions
    • it is difficult to evaluate how competent people really are
    • it is difficult and time consuming to design good questionnaires

Fact finding techniques:

Observation:

  • enables the analyst to gain information that could not be obtained with other techniques
  • first-hand information about what actually happens
  • difficult to create conditions where the analyst is allowed to observe without inferring with events
  • potential “spy” effect

Fact finding techniques:

Techniques to organise the

details collected:

  • Documenting how people work means analysing decisions and procedures
  • This requires a number of steps:
    • determine what the conditions are
    • identify the relevant decision variables
    • eg: the payment of an invoice can be Authorised or Unauthorised
    • identify the actions that should follow when conditions are met
    • graphically represent the procedures resulting using decision trees, decision tables or Structured English

What is specific about them?

  • they are aimed at enabling analysts to lift any ambiguity regarding important decisions to be made by the system
  • they enable them to show the users for confirmation in a way that users can understand
  • they can be processes directly by special code-generating tools called CASE tools - thereby facilitating / speeding up programming

Decision Trees:

  • a decision tree is a graphical way to represent a sequence of decisions and actions
  • it shows which conditions to consider first, second etc...; ie it helps to visualise the process to be followed to reach a good decision
  • it also shows the relationships between each condition and the resulting actions
  • It is very program-like in its format