Take Home Test Chapter 15, Summaries of Psychoanalysis

According to Bandura, reciprocal determinism involves multidirectional influences among: A) mind, body, and behavior. B) thoughts, emotions, and actions.

Typology: Summaries

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Take Home Test
Chapter 15
Name: __________________________
I hereby promise the work completed on this test is from my own knowledge, my notes, my book, and internet sources. I
did not receive any help from another person.
Signature: __________________________
1. The concept of “personality” most clearly embodies the notion of:
A) moral integrity.
B) self-consciousness.
C) temporal consistency.
D) self-actualization.
E) gender identity.
2. Freud observed that certain symptoms of illness were relieved when patients talked freely about their past. This
led Freud to suspect that these symptoms resulted from:
A) genetic defects.
B) an inferiority complex.
C) psychological processes.
D) an internal locus of control.
E) reciprocal determinism.
3. The use of free association is central to the process of:
A) identification.
B) self-actualization.
C) psychoanalysis.
D) reciprocal determinism.
E) unconditional positive regard.
4. Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be:
A) displaced.
B) projected.
C) preconscious.
D) fixated.
E) unconscious.
5. According to Freud, the unconscious is:
A) the part of human personality that lacks a sense of right and wrong.
B) the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware.
C) a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past.
D) a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that does not affect behavior.
E) all of the above.
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Take Home Test

Chapter 15

Name: __________________________

_I hereby promise the work completed on this test is from my own knowledge, my notes, my book, and internet sources. I did not receive any help from another person. Signature: ___________________________

  1. The concept of “personality” most clearly embodies the notion of: A) moral integrity. B) self-consciousness. C) temporal consistency. D) self-actualization. E) gender identity.
  2. Freud observed that certain symptoms of illness were relieved when patients talked freely about their past. This led Freud to suspect that these symptoms resulted from: A) genetic defects. B) an inferiority complex. C) psychological processes. D) an internal locus of control. E) reciprocal determinism.
  3. The use of free association is central to the process of: A) identification. B) self-actualization. C) psychoanalysis. D) reciprocal determinism. E) unconditional positive regard.
  4. Forgotten memories that we can easily recall were said by Freud to be: A) displaced. B) projected. C) preconscious. D) fixated. E) unconscious.
  5. According to Freud, the unconscious is: A) the part of human personality that lacks a sense of right and wrong. B) the thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, of which we are largely unaware. C) a set of universal concepts acquired by all humans from our common past. D) a reservoir of deeply repressed memories that does not affect behavior. E) all of the above.
  1. According to psychoanalytic theory, the part of the personality that strives for immediate gratification of basic drives is the: A) id. B) ego. C) superego. D) collective unconscious. E) sexual orientation
  2. When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money into a savings account for his college education. Hafez shows signs of a: A) strong self-serving bias. B) weak id. C) strong collective unconscious. D) strong ego. E) strong external locus of control.
  3. Janine experiences feelings of revulsion at the prospect of watching a pornographic video. Freud would have attributed these feelings to Janine's: A) ego. B) id. C) superego. D) collective unconscious. E) belief bias
  4. Bruce wants to be a loving husband but at the same time wants to express his disgust for some of his wife's habits. According to Freud, Bruce's ________ might enable him to partially satisfy both desires. A) actualized self B) collective unconscious C) superego D) Oedipus complex E) ego
  5. During the early psychosexual stages, the id derives pleasure from distinct: A) gender identities. B) defense mechanisms. C) erogenous zones. D) identifications. E) complexes.
  6. Two-year-old Damien frequently refuses to obey his parents because he derives immense pleasure from demonstrating his independence from their control. Freud would have suggested that Damien is going through the ________ stage of development. A) phallic B) anal C) genital D) latency E) oral
  1. When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of: A) repression. B) reaction formation. C) rationalization. D) regression. E) displacement.
  2. Four-year-old Timmy has not wet his bed for over a year. However, he starts bed-wetting again soon after his sister is born. Timmy's behavior best illustrates: A) reaction formation. B) projection. C) regression. D) displacement. E) repression.
  3. The defense mechanism by which people disguise threatening impulses by attributing them to others is called: A) projection. B) displacement. C) fixation. D) reaction formation. E) repression.
  4. Melissa is unconsciously fearful that her husband is a better cook than she. Recently, she refused his offer to prepare dinner because, said she, “You could better spend the time playing with our kids.” Melissa's comment best illustrates: A) regression. B) projection. C) rationalization. D) displacement. E) reaction formation.
  5. While Professor Gomez was going through a painful divorce, he tended to create unnecessarily difficult tests and gave his students unusually low grades. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to view the professor's treatment of students as an example of: A) reaction formation. B) rationalization. C) displacement. D) projection. E) regression.
  6. Freud's theory of personality has been criticized because it: A) underestimates the importance of biological contributions to personality development. B) is contradicted by recent research demonstrating the human capacity for destructive behavior. C) is overly reliant upon observations derived from Freud's use of projective tests. D) offers few testable predictions that allow one to determine its validity. E) both A and B
  1. The humanistic perspective emphasized the importance of: A) free association. B) self-determination. C) reciprocal determinism. D) personality inventories. E) projective tests.
  2. Self-actualized people, as described by Maslow, are least likely to be highly: A) compassionate. B) religious. C) conforming. D) self-accepting. E) motivated
  3. Humanistic theorists have been criticized for: A) overestimating the impact of childhood experiences on adult personality. B) underestimating the inconsistency of behavior from one situation to another. C) overestimating the degree of similarity among people. D) underestimating the inherent human capacity for destructive and evil behaviors. E) both A and C
  4. Characteristic patterns of behavior and motivation are called: A) aptitudes. B) fixations. C) projections. D) traits. E) withdrawl
  5. The Big Five trait dimensions were identified by means of: A) the MMPI. B) free association. C) projective tests. D) factor analysis. E) dream analysis
  6. The tendency to accept favorable descriptions of one's personality that could really be applied to almost anyone is known as: A) the halo effect. B) the Barnum effect. C) projection. D) factor analysis. E) unconditional positive regard.
  1. Laura fails to recognize any connection between her unsafe sexual practices and the likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted disease. Laura's lack of perceptiveness best illustrates the dangers of: A) free association. B) an Electra complex. C) the spotlight effect. D) an external locus of control. E) unconditional positive regard.
  2. The best indicator of a person's level of optimism is his or her: A) individualism. B) ideal self. C) gender identity. D) attributional style. E) unconditional positive regard.
  3. Unrealistic optimism could best be described as a(n): A) Electra complex. B) self-serving bias. C) reaction formation. D) fixation. E) external locus of control.
  4. The social-cognitive perspective suggests that the best way to predict a political candidate's performance effectiveness after election is to assess that individual's: A) current feelings of personal control. B) specific political goals for the future. C) general feelings of optimism about the future. D) past performance in situations involving similar responsibilities. E) personality traits as revealed by the MMPI-2.
  5. Larry studies diligently because he is haunted by an image of himself being unable to gain employment after his college graduation. Larry's diligence best illustrates the motivational impact of: A) an internal locus of control. B) unconditioned positive regard. C) learned helplessness. D) possible selves. E) the spotlight effect.
  6. Overestimating the extent to which others notice and evaluate our appearance and performance is called: A) external locus of control. B) self-serving bias. C) reaction formation. D) the spotlight effect. E) fixation.
  1. Individuals with high self-esteem are more likely than those with low self-esteem to: A) have a strong ego. B) experience an external locus of control. C) dismiss flattering descriptions of themselves as untrue. D) underestimate the accuracy of their own beliefs. E) associate with people whose attitudes and personality are very similar to their own.
  2. A person whose selfesteem is momentarily threatened is especially likely to: A) demonstrate an independence from social pressure to conform. B) criticize the shortcomings of others. C) lack a clear sense of gender identity. D) experience an internal locus of control. E) be motivated by a desire for selfactualization.
  3. Athletes often attribute their losses to bad officiating. This best illustrates: A) an Electra complex. B) learned helplessness. C) the spotlight effect. D) self-serving bias. E) the Barnum effect.
  4. A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of: A) social responsibility. B) personal control. C) self-actualization. D) racial diversity. E) free association.
  5. When Professor Thompson lived overseas for a year, he was very surprised at how much respect he received from people simply because he was a retired college professor. His sense of surprise suggests that he had not previously lived in a culture that valued: A) social diversity. B) self-actualization. C) reciprocal determinism. D) individualism. E) collectivism.
  6. Religious and ethnic diversity are most likely to be appreciated in a culture that values: A) cooperation. B) individualism. C) reciprocal determinism. D) collectivism. E) nationalism.